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44 and secured by a simple wire device which was broken open by a small explosive charge. It is possible this practice may be resumed.

20. MAN-CARRYING PARACHUTES

German man-carrying parachutes for emergency use are of two types:-

(a) A seat-type harness where the wearer sits on the parachute pack. (b) A pack-type which is carried on the wearer's back.

The parachutes have white canopies, usually of artificial silk, and are opened by pulling a rip cord releasing a pilot parachute, which in turn opens the main one. The pilot parachute is in eight segments, alternate segments being opened by four wire or strip-metal springs. The length of seam is 16 in.; the top width of each segment is approximately 3 in., and the bottom width about 12½ in.

The main parachute is in twenty-four segments. The length of seam is 10 ft: 6 in. to 10 ft. 9 in.; the width of each segment at the top is 3 in., and at the bottom, 2 ft. 11 in. to 3 ft. 2 in.

In the seat-type the harness rigging lines are retained in six hanks by canvas loops, and in the pack type by five canvas loops.

The following markings have been found on German emergency parachutes:-

(a) On the underside of seat-type—

Sitzfallschirm (Seat-type parachute)

Berlin (b) On the belt clasp of pack-type- AUSLOSEN DREHEN DANN DRUCKEN. (To open, turn and then push.)

An artificial silk parachute of similar dimensions has been reported which has cords dyed sepia and the canopy camouflaged in an all-over pattern of emerald green, gold, and olive green.

21. “BLACK STRIPS "

A device consisting of strips of paper coated silver and then blacked over is used from the air to interfere with radio location. The strips are usually about ¾ in. wide and from 6 in. to 24 in. long, but a considerable diversity of length and appearance may be expected.

The Germans have used containers type "F(i)"—ABB 500—and type "J"—AB 23 SD 2—to release this device and when the latter is so used it is found without any of the internal partitions shown in Figure 38.

22. BRITISH AND AMERICAN BOMBS

Sufficient details are given in the figures and tables on pages 46 to 53 to enable unexploded British and American bombs to be identified.