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 capacities. In addition, Professor Novoa’s injuries are fairly traceable to the members of USF’s Board of Trustees.

The Professor Plaintiffs’ injuries are also fairly traceable to Defendant Manny Diaz, Jr., in his official capacity a member of the Board of Governors. Although Defendant Diaz’s role as Commissioner of the Board of Education lacks any clear enforcement authority under the IFA as to universities, his membership on the Board of Governors gives him the same connection to the Professor Plaintiffs’ chilled speech as the rest of the Board of Governors under the regulatory framework outlined above. See § 1001.70(1), Fla. Stat. (establishing the Board of Governors and naming the Commissioner of Education as a permanent member).

Accordingly, Professor Plaintiffs’ injuries are fairly traceable to the members of the Board of Governors in their official capacities and, for Professor Novoa, to the members of USF’s Board of Trustees in their official capacities.

Next, this Court will address whether the Professor Plaintiffs have demonstrated that an injunction would sufficiently redress their injuries.