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 the Board of Governors to pass implementing regulations, which led to the passage of Regulation 10.005. See § 1000.05(6)(a), Fla. Stat. (2022). Each of the universities is controlled by its Board of Trustees. See § 1001.71(a), Fla. Stat. Regulation 10.005(2)(a) mandates that each state university pass its own regulation establishing a grievance and discipline procedure for professors who promote or compel belief in the eight concepts under the IFA. If the Board of Governors finds that a university “willfully and knowingly” failed to enforce the university regulation, the university will be ineligible for performance funding for the following fiscal year. Regulation 10.005(4)(d).

As set out in their declarations and verified complaint, the Professor Plaintiffs fear discipline from their universities, given (1) the requirement that their universities pass and enforce regulations barring the promotion of the eight concepts; and (2) the strong incentive their universities have to discipline offending professors. In short, the Board of Governors makes the determination that could lead to withholding performance funding, which in turn leaves the universities little choice but to ban promotion of the eight concepts. Accordingly, the Professor Plaintiffs’ injuries are fairly traceable to the members of the Board of Governors in their official