Page:Novoa v. Diaz.pdf/70

 action of the defendant, and not the result of the independent action of some third party not before the court.” Lujan, 504 U.S. at 560.

Here, the Pernell Professor Plaintiffs seek to enjoin (1) the Florida Board of Governors of the State University System, as well as its individual members in their official capacities; (2) the Boards of Trustees for the state university associated with each Professor Plaintiff; and (3) Manny Diaz, Jr., in his official capacity as the Commissioner of the Florida State Board of Education and member of the Board of Governors. The Novoa Professor Plaintiff seeks to enjoin (1) the members of the Florida Board of Governors of the State University System in their official capacities; (2) the USF Board of Trustees, as well as its individual members in their official capacities; (3) Manny Diaz, Jr., in his official capacity as the Commissioner of the Florida State Board of Education and member of the Board of Governors; and (4) the Inspector General of the Board of Governors.

This Court finds that the Professor Plaintiffs’ injuries are fairly traceable to the members of the Board of Governors and, for the Novoa Professor Plaintiff, to the members of the USF Board of Trustees in their official capacities. The IFA requires