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188 country, it is started by persons who have really very little acquaintance with the work they are about to undertake. They are only emboldened to undertake it at all under these circumstances by the knowledge that there is practically no one else engaged in the same occupation within a wide radius, and, consequently, no competition to be feared. The industry is commenced, and, however defective its productions may be, however inferior in manufacture the goods which it turns out, it nevertheless generally pays its promoters—for it saves the necessity for importation, and the cost of transport to a