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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. ix. JUNE 7, 1902.

appears from the fragment of a statue in the Ducal Gallery at Florence. A great variety are engraved in the ' Museo Borbonico ' (ix. 15) and in Guasco (' Delle Ornatrici,' p. 46). As to the pin for ordinary fastening purposes, I often encountered, during a constant at- tendance on excavations in the City some years ago, a type of pin from about two or three to six inches in length, which, with the exception that it is made of bronze and has a larger head, bears a remarkable resemblance to the modern draper's pin, perhaps a trifle finer and very flexible. It was, no doubt, used to fasten parts of the female dress, and appears to be the proto- type of the modern pin, such pins as were used prior to this, at all events in Britain, having been evidently and invariably for the toilet. In Rich's * Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities,' s.v. 'Acus,' there is an illustration representing a vessel containing pins found at Pompeii, which apparently exactly resemble those in my possession. Miss LONGMAN will find a good deal of in- formation on the subject in Fosbroke's ' En- cyclopaedia of Antiquities ' and Blanche's ' Cyclopaedia of Costume ' ; something, I think, likewise in Meyrick's ' Costume of the Britons.' See also J. Y. Akerman's * Archaeo- logical Index,' 1847; Abraham Hume's 'Anti- quities found at Hoy lake in Cheshire,' 1847; and similar works concerned with the minor antiquities of Britain.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

SIR BENJAMIN RUDYERD, 1572-1658 (9 th S. ix. 383). There is no doubt that Mr. Foster is right, and the 'D.N.B.' wrong, as regards the Inn to which this celebrity belonged. His name appears on the Admission Book of the Middle Temple, 18 April, 1590, as ''Ben- jamin Rudierde, late of New Inn, the third son of James R. of Winchfield, co. Hants"; and he was called to the bar there 24 October, 1600. JOHN HUTCHINSON.

Middle Temple Library.

THE WEST BOURNE (9 th S. viii. 517 ; ix. 51, 92, 190, 269, 291, 375). I am sorry that my concluding sentence (ante, p. 270) should have appeared "somewhat dogmatic" to COL. PRIDEAUX, and, reading it again, I think that perhaps it errs a little in excess of emphasis My wish was to express agreement with him as to the absence of any early written evi- dence that the stream was called West Bourne out to add that of its having been so callec there seemed to me sufficient proof in the name given to the adjacent land, which woulc not have had that name if there had been nc strearo known as the western bourne. I over

ooked his conjecture that the stream never lad a name, and that the land was designated Westbourne simply because it lay west of a >ourne ; or as if the term " west of the )ourne," originally used to define the land, lad by contraction lapsed into the name
 * Westbourne."

Well, there are the two views, and choice may >e made between them. That which I have upported appears to me the more reasonable, hat which would be naturally held, which herefore has been generally held, and which . fresh conjecture is not sufficient to sup- plant. In the names of places having bourne as termination is not the prefix a qualification )r definition of the bourne which has been .he feature of the locality and origin of its name? As many think that the bourne we discuss was defined as the western bourne, so we find others defined as the little bourne Littlebourn), the black bourne (Blackburn), and the red (?) bourne (Rad bourn). The Bishop's bourne was probably the feature of ecclesiastical property, and, not to risk defini- tions in the absence of a sufficient glossary,
 * here may be mentioned Patrixbourn, Beakes-

Dourn, Winterborne, Swanbourne, Sherborne, &c. Are we not to think that all these were irst the definition of streams, and afterwards
 * he names of the localities they watered?

Bosworth ('A.-S. Diet.') is not to the contrary. He states that " bourne, as a prefix or termina- tion to the names of places, denotes that they were situate near a stream," and I think it would do no violence to his meaning to add, " the distinctive names of which they took."

That names are lost, especiall} 7 of small streams, we know, and SIR HERBERT MAX- WELL'S experience in Cassiobury Park (third reference) is typical. The " Dang me if I remember ! " would be the answer in most cases of inquiry, and only by diligent search in the village the stream's old name, far on its way to oblivion, might be evoked from the oldest inhabitant. But it is probable that to Peter Cunningham the name of the forgotten stream (it was extinct or out of sight when he wrote) appeared sufficiently obvious in Westbourne, the surviving name of the dis- trict, so that no inquiry was suggested.

I am quite of accord with my kind corre- spondent in hoping that we have arrived at a time when no statement can be allowed cur- rency without the credentials of sound evi- dence, and by "evidence" is generally meant that of document. Yet I think there may be evidence that is not written, and that although

West Bourne is not on any map or, in refer- ence to the stream, in any early book or

manuscript, yet that in the surviving name