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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. vni. OCT. 19, 1901.

curiosity only I shall be glad of any informa- tion about this firm of publishers, as I have been under the impression that I was the first London publisher bearing the name of

E. MARSTON. St. Dunstan's House.

JEHAN BYTHARNE. Can some French corre- spondent of ' N. & Q.' tell me anything about this man, who wrote ' Livre de Guerre tant par Mer que par Terre ' in 1543, the MS. of which is now in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Fr. MSS. 3890 ? He calls himself " cannonier ordinaire du roy." He is not named in the ' Biographie Universelle,' nor by Brunet, from which I conclude that this was his only literary work, and that it was never printed. J. K. LAUGHTON.

DlCKENSIANA : PHRASE OF MRS. GAMP.

In chap. xxv. of ' Martin Chuzzlewit ' the following expression is used by Mrs. Gamp : " Toss or buy for kidney ones." Is it correct to assume that it was customary for boys to toss the hot-pie man for his pies ? I shall be glad if some reader will favour me with an explanation. In Seymour's second illustra- tion for 'The Pickwick Papers,' entitled 'The Pugnacious Cabman,' is prominently repre- sented a hot-pie man, who carries on his left arm a pie oven and in his right hand an instrument having a dial-plate. Has this machine anything to do with the conjectured custom of tossing, or otherwise gambling, for pies'? F. G. KITTON.

OPERA-HEARERS, EACH WITH A LIGHTED CANDLE. The Prompter of Tuesday, 4 Decem- ber, 1734, when discussing " the vast supe- riority which the last-imported Semivir has over the rest of his mutilated Brethren," says, p. 1, col. 2 :

"I went some time ago to the Hay-market, to hear this new kind of Syren. I had my Book, and my little Wax-Candle, according to the Method practised in the Middle-Regions there, but the only Use I made of either, was, to look when there was a Prospect of a Song, and to wait with Impatience till then."

Is there any picture of an opera audience thus wax-tapered, or any confirmation of this custom? F. J. F.

'HlC MULIER ET HJEC VlR.' WllO IS the

author of this -satire on dress? It was pub- lished in 1020 or thereabouts. LOBUC.

CRADOCK : WINTER. ! should greatly esteem the favour of a reference to some authority, printed or manuscript, which would afford evidence of the marriage, about the beginning of the seventeenth century, of a Cradock of Llangwm Uchaf, in the county

of Monmouth, with the heiress of Winter of the same parish ; or of the descent of the said Cradock from the Cradocks of Newton, in the county of Pembroke. The facts are vouched for 'by excellent authority, but the references to the proofs have been lost and forgotten. JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS.

Town Hall, Cardiff.

ST. KILDA. Will some learned reader of 'N. & Q.' throw light on the genesis of this name of this Outer Hebridean island ? In the fourteenth century the island was called Hirt or Hirta, and to-day the Gaelic- speaking folk call it Heerst. In a Dutch chart of about 1660 it is called St. Kilder. There is no St. Kilda in the calendar. Is there any light to be looked for from the records of Culdee Christianity 1

C. S. WARD.

BRAHAM THE SINGER. In what year did John Braham publicly profess himself a Christian ? Can any one refer me to a place where his proclamation may be found 1

R. N. D.

THE MITRE. In an ancient volume on heraldry " The Elements of Heraldry. By Mr. Porny, French-Master at Eton-College. The Second Edition corrected. London : Printed for T. Carnan, and F. Newbery, Junior, at No. 65, in St. Paul's Church-yard. MDCCLXXI." I recently found the following interesting description of the mitre :

"The Archbishops and Bishops of England arid Ireland place a Mitre over their Coat-of-arms. It is a round Cap pointed and cleft at the top, from which hang two Pendants fringed at both ends, with this difference, that the Bishop's Mitre is only surrounded with a Fillet of gold, set with precious

stones whereas the Archbishop's issues out of

a Ducal Coronet This Ornament, with other

Masquerade Garments, it still worn by all the Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of Rome, whenever they officiate with solemnity ; but it is never used in England, otherwise than on Coats-of- arms, as before mentioned."

With regard to this statement, there would seem to be two questions which suggest themselves for elucidation :

(1) As to the difference between the archi- episcopal and episcopal mitres. Is there any special reason why the former should be surrounded by a ducal coronet ? If not, how did the mistake arise, and why is it in- variably perpetuated stilU

(2) Instating that mitres were "never used in England " at the time when his volume was issued, viz., in 1771, Mr. Porny was surely in error, for the Roman Catholic Vicars- Apostolic must certainly have worn them.

In any case, it would be interesting to know