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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. VIL JUNE 29, 1901.

stated when quoted in the way in which IBAGUE quotes them.

Perhaps I may be allowed to set out the two texts, that of my note at 9 th S. vi. 276 and IB AGUE'S text in his note ante, p. 431. Here is the text of my note on orientation, requiring in order to be understood reference to the previous context :

in England have, as I said, always and by con- tinuous use in the Church of England from early times, through the Middle Ages, down to the present day been placed east and west, the custom of the Roman Catholic Church is not the same."
 * ' Here I will remark that, whereas the churches

Here is IBAGUE'S version, reference to the context carefully excluded, "whereas" left on one side, " as I said" left out (without acknowledgment) altogether :

"When I wrote before, I was not thinking of interments, but of MR. ARNOTT'S words (9 th S. vi. 277) that ' churches in England have always and by continuous use in the Church of England from early times, through the Middle Ages, down to the present day been placed east and west,' and his inference as to ' the Roman Mission.' "

Here I might stop, but to avoid misappre- hension I will add the remainder of the note :

" If anybody will take a walk from Christ Church, Lancaster Gate, along to Holy Trinity, Euston Road, seeking for the true Church by orientation, he will fetch up at the Primitive Methodist Chapel, Seymour Place, which alone, of the many places of worshipso far as I know in that direct line, orientates properly."

This is a good instance of the modern methods of controversy to which I have alluded in the second part of the title of this article. Examples of a similar kind, resem- bling in their method that employed by IBAGU, whether of neglect of the context, misquotation, or the like, are, I am sorry to say, not unfrequently to be found in the works of controversial writers. I will here mention some quarters in which those who are curious in such matters may search, and not without success in discovering cases in point ; but first I must make one or two additional remarks on IBAGU and orienta- tion.

Orientation is a subject which has not hitherto been much investigated in England. Dr. Wickham Legg has made some valuable remarks on it in letters to the Church Times. I am but as an explorer in a land not much traversed. As for IBAGU^ and his walk past Marylebone Church to the Primitive Methodist Church, he resembles, with regard to this subject, a man walking for a few hundred yards along the border line of a large country, say Russia, taking notes of

what he can see of the country from that narrow border line, and then publishing them with the title 'Notes on Russia: an Account of that Country under its Different Aspects.'

MR. GEOEGE ANGUS made some remarks in the columns of * N. & Q.' on one of my articles on orientation. I could take in good part the observations of this gentleman, and if I did not think it necessary to reply, it was not from any disrespect to him. MR ANGUS differs from IBAGU^ in two points. First, in remarking on orientation he knows very well what he is writing about ; and, secondly, he does not employ a " nom de plume," but writes under his true name.

To recur now for a moment to the methods which have been adopted by some controver- sialists in dealing with their opponents. The instance that is most likely to occur to the reader is that of Neal's 'History of the Puritans,' taken in connexion with the list of Puritan ministers silenced at or before St. Bartholomew's Day, 1662. Daniel Neal was a great controversialist, and was not at all particular in the manner in which he set out his statements. He was* exposed by Warburton in a pamphlet which is generally included in editions of the bishop's works. The compiler of the list of ministers ejected at or before St. Bartholomew's Day, 1662, was a controversialist. The list had to be made up to two thousand, if possible, and names were sought for far and wide ; the consequence was many mistakes were made, which were pointed out at the time. When certain ministers in various parishes in Essex attempted to commemorate St. Bar- tholomew's Day in 1862, founding their com- memoration partly on Dr. Calamy's list, the controversial character of the list was exposed in articles published in an Essex paper by the late Mr. H. W. King, a very learned, able, and careful antiquarian writer : it was shown to be unreliable, that the number two^ thousand was an exaggerated number, arid that the number ejected at St. Bartholomew's Day did not come up to that total. Moreover, Calamy had included in his list of ejected ministers those who were indeed ejected, but had taken the places of the loyalists in Parliamentarian or Crom- wellian times. In many cases the former rightful parsons had survived, and at the Restoration they returned to their places and the intruding occupants had to leave. Calamy includes all those who were replaced in this way in his list of two thousand ejected at or before St. Bartholomew's Day, 1662. Dr. Calamy, it is true, corrected the list after