Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 7.djvu/389

 9s.vii. MAY is, IDOIO NOTES AND QUERIES.

381

LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 18, 1901.

CONTENTS. No. 177.

NOTES : -The Manor of Tyburn, 381 Spenser, Locrine,' and 'Selimus,' 384 "Kinkajou " "We don't want to fight," &c. " Lability "Hogarth House, Chiswick, 386 The Episcopal Wig Crosier and Pastoral Staff' N. & Q.' for Sale" Complain" Literary Errors, 387.

QUERIES : " Atte " Poem by Scarpelli Verses by Lady Falkland Cambridge in the Seventeenth Century Books on Manners before 1800- Shakespeare Queries Rev. John Knox Authors Wanted Pews annexed to Houses 'Kathleen Mavourneen,' 388 Troubadour and Daisy- Lady Purbeck and her Son Dendritic Markings in Paper " Parlour" Roman Catholic Records Browne Family Mexican Terms for Foreigners Incised Circles on Stones, 389 Compa- y of Miners Tool Marks on Medieval Dressed Stones Intemperance, War, Pestilence, and Famine-Kingsman Family, 390.

REPLIES : Animals in People's Insides, 390 "Juggins " ' Attur. Acad.' Thackeray, 392 Collet Coronation Stone May - water " Carrick " Verbs from Proper Names, 393 " Shoehorned," 394 Centipedes : Local Name "Non terra sed aquis " Last Male Descendant of Defoe Sir John B. Warren, 395 Hand-ruling on Old Title-pages Suffolk Name for Ladybird "Lady of the mere" Vulgar Misuse of " Right " " Mad as a hatter " "Sarson Stones," 396 Sir J. Eyre Flower Game- Birth Registers on Tower Hill D'Auvergne Family, 397 Count Pecchio Excavations near Cirencester Authors Wanted, 398.

NOTES ON BOOKS : Duchess of Wellington's ' Descrip- tive and Historical Catalogue of the Collection of Pictures and Sculptute at Apsley House ' Maitland's ' Qierke's Political Theories of the Middle Ages ' ' Edinburgh Review ' ' Man.'

Notices to Correspondents.

THE MANOR OF TYBURN.

(See 9 th S. vii. 121, 210, 242, 282, 310.) I HAVE followed with attention the dis- cussion which has taken place regarding 'Executions at Tyburn and Elsewhere,' not only because of the intrinsic interest of the subject, but because I have for some time past made a special studv of the history of the locality. My researches are by no means complete, but I may hope to add something to the information which is con- tained in the ordinary works of reference, and, with the Index in view, have made a slight alteration in the title which was adopted by MR. W. L. RUTTON. Although one cannot entirely ignore the use to which Tyburn was put for several centuries, I shall only treat it as incidental to the main subject. The conclusions at which I have inde- pendently arrived agree in nearly every detail with those of MR. RUTTON. It is therefore with the criticisms of MR. LOFTIE that I propose chiefly to deal. These may be subjected to two tests the test of evidence and the test of common sense.

MR. LOFTIE asks what MR. RUTTON means by Tyburn. Tyburn was, I presume, the place of execution for some hundreds of

years. But I apprehend the real question is, Why was this place called Tyburn ? My answer is, It was called Tyburn because it was situated on or near the site of the ancient town or village of that name.

The chief existing authority for the his- tory of Tyburn is Lysons. His account of the manor has been followed without apparent question by every succeeding topographer, including Thomas Smith, the only writer who has dealt specially with the history of St. Marylebone, as Mr. Clinch's book hardly professes to be more than a rechauffe of old material. MR. LOFTIE in his paper, ante, p. 210, similarly follows Lysons, and, so far as I can see, adds nothing in the way of original information. Now the Rev. Daniel Lysons was a topographer of wonderful ability and industry, but, ranging as he did over so wide a field, it would have been a miracle if he had not occasionally committed a mistake. In his account of the manor of Tyburn his errors are fairly numerous.

We all know that when Domesday Book was compiled the Abbess of Barking held Tyburn of the king. MR. RUTTON very per- tinently asks, " Did she continue to hold it until the suppression of the house?" Accord- ing to Lysons ('Environs,' second ed., 1811, vol. ii part ii. p. 541), Robert de Vere held the manor under the abbess. MR. LOFTIE goes further, and says that Robert rented it from the abbess, and that he gave the lease to one of his younger children. I have hunted through many records, and have never found a trace of this lease. Perhaps MR. LOFTIE will kindly say where it is to be found. If, however, an answer is required to MR. RUTTON'S question, Lysons will supply it. In his account of Barking (' Environs,' second ed., 1811, vol. i. part ii. p. 607) he gives a schedule of the estates held by the convent at the time of the dissolution ; and although many broad manors were in the hands of the abbess, that of Tyburn will not be found amongst them, though she was in possession of some " lands in Mary bone."

In dealing with historical questions of this kind one broad fact should ever be kept in view. During the four hundred years that elapsed between the date of the Domesday Survey and that of the accession of the Tudors the boundaries of manors did not remain constant. Some were subdivided into smaller tracts, others were added to, and a system of freehold ownership grew up within the manors, as well as many copy- hold rights, which considerably curtailed the limits of the property held by the original possessors. Thus at the time of the disiolu-