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NOTES AND QUERIES, p* s. VIL MABCH ao, iaoi.

explanation of the connexion of that title with this Philip D'Auvergne of Jersey 1 That is the point, for I do not know that any one, even the admiral himself, regarded this Philip as by actual descent holding the original title of Duke or Prince of Bouillon. I called him " titular" partly on that ground, and partly because he may have had the name without the revenues, although I have read that after the restoration of Louis XVIII. he was again put in possession of the duchy, of which he had been despoiled by Napoleon, but was finally deprived of it by the Congress of Vienna.

May 1 say that I did not use the expression "peer of France "in a technical sense? At the same time, when D. says that the term is only used there of those who were members of the Upper House from 1830 to 1848, he must have forgotten not only the famous body of the twelve Peers of France believed to have been instituted as far back as the age of Philip Augustus, at whose coronation, in 1179, Henry of England, Duke of the Normans, as one of them, was present but also the more modern Chamber of Peers which dated from the charter of Louis XVIII. in 1814, and out of which the peers of the Monarchy of July took their rise. There were certainly many heroes before Agaraem-

no f n ;, J. L. ANDERSON.

Edinburgh.

WOORE, IN SALOP (9 fch S. v. 128, 236 : vi 33 157, 218, 312; vii. 134). - At the last reference the A.-S. wor, which we know only in the compound wor-hana, the gloss of phasianus, is rightly discredited, if Prof. Kluge's contention is sound. The latter says, 8.v. 'Auerhahn,' that the O. H. Ger. or-orre-huon corresponds to the O. Norse and Swedish orre = heath cock (uncompoundad). This word he connects with Sansk. vrsan, ardent, masculine, and with Latin verres, explaining that huon may have been added to denote the hen (Ger. Huhn, neut.). More probably it was a tautological expression, like our sledge-hammer." H. P. L.

Since Woore is Wavre in Domesday, it may be worth while to note that Wavre in Can- ton Neufchatel appears anciently as Waura, which is the Low Latin waureia or wauriacum untilled or fallow land. This lends support to Mr. Sweet's suggestion mentioned at the last reference. ISAAC TAYLOR.

" Wise " (9 th S. vii. 45, 172).-! do not think the condemnation passed upon me at the last reference is justified. It is there stated that my opinions often carry the taint of over-

haste and ill-consideration, and consequently result in more or less decided withdrawal." I beg leave to ask for at least some of the evidence upon which this sweeping charge is based. As far as I am aware, after having done much pioneering work with regard to difficult words for some thirty years, the number of my mistakes is by no means large ; whereas, on the other hand, the number of my successes is considerable, or my advice would not be so very frequently asked for and taken. Let us have some evidence of my shortcomings.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

BRAWLING (9 th S. vii. 227). Dissenting places of worship are protected against brawling in the same way as churches, for by 23 Viet. cap. 32, sec. 2, persons guilty of riotous, violent, or indecent behaviour in churches and chapels of the Church of England or Ireland, or in any chapel of any religious denomination, or in England in any place of religious worship duly certified under the provisions of 18 & 19 Viet. cap. 81, or in churchyards or burial-grounds, on con- viction before two justices are made liable to a penalty of not more than five pounds, or imprisonment for any term not exceeding two months. Section 3 of the same Act sets forth the mode of dealing with the offender.

LEX.

EARLY STEAM NAVIGATION (9 th S. vi. 368, 458 ; vii. 16, 133). MR. GEORGE MARSHALL has stated "that the Liverpool Royal William and the Bristol Great Western were probably the first real passenger steamers to cross the Atlantic," and that "in no sense could she [the Sirius] be called a real passenger steamer." Now " passenger steamer " was an expression I never used ; but to be satisfied on that point I have inspected, in the office of the Registrar- General of Shipping and Seamen, the crew list of the Sirius on her voyage from Cork to New York in April, 1838. I find the steward's department consisted of three stewards, one assistant, two cooks, and a boy. Would seven hands have been required in an ordinary cargo boat of 412 tons burden if there were no passengers 1 I think not.

Now as to "justice to Ireland." The Sirius, it is true, was built in Scotland for the St. George Steam Packet Company of Dublin and Cork, for many years past called the " Cork Steam Shipping Company." She pro- ceeded to Dublin under a builder's certificate, where she was registered under No. 33 in 1837. She was subsequently transferred to Cork, from which port she traded. Being considered too small for the Atlantic trade,