Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 6.djvu/116

 NOTES AND QUERIES. VL AUG. 4, uno. en aa, gueule un flambeau de meme :-linn;.' de gueules. A representation of the "dog with a candle" might be found on the monuments in memory of the Popes Benedict XIII. (1724, Orsini) and Benedict XIV. (1740, Lambertini), both of whom—the one to show that he had belonged to the order, and the other as arms of patronage—combined the arms of the order of St. Dominic with their own. J. LONSDALE. It may interest the querist to know that by a smart jeu de mots the members of this distinguished order were styled Domini Canes (the watchdogs of the Lord)= Dominican!. The mot is all the more forcible, seeing that a dog with a torch in its mouth is an emblem of the order. The prior of any Dominican convent would supply the querist with a copy of the arms. J. B. McGovERN. ist. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester. THE LOG (9th S. v. 511).—This punishment, more fitly described as the " clog," does not appear to have been exclusively confined to the army, but to have been used in village schools. Many years ago on the sides of copybooks, which used to have pictorial illustrations, was a very common one repre- senting a small boy in a pinafore, having on his head a dunce's cap, and holding in his hand a birch-rod, whilst to his foot a wooden clog was fastened by a chain. The clog, to which a chain was appended, used to be fre- quently secured to the fetlock of ponies to prevent them from straying. Just as Lord Hill said, quoted by your correspondent W. S., "the log was a punishment more for a beast than a man." JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. THE ENGLISH MILE (9th S. iv. 497; v. 133, 498).—I have seen milestones much older than the last century, and possibly Roman, on the bit of the Watling Street that leads from Elstree to St. Albans, or rather to Verulam. They had no names on them, but simply X or XVI for the distance from London. E. L. G. THE KINGDOM OF KAZAR (9th S. vi. 8).—This should be either kingdom of Khazaria or kingdom of the Khazars, whose king Bulan, startled into religious self-questioning by a dream, summoned Christian, Jewish, and Mohammedan divines to talk to him of their respective faiths. The Jewish doctors proved the most convincing, and he became a con- vert to Judaism, and founded a Jewish dynasty. I take this from Mrs. Magnus, Outlines of Jewish History,' 1886 ; a longer account is given by Prof. Graetz in the third volume of his 'History of the Jews," 1891. See also the' Encyclopaedia Britannica,' under ' Khazars,' which adds a list of authori- ties. JAS. PLATT, Jun. For some particulars see ' Chozar' in ' Uni- versal Hist. (Modern),' xi. 11, and ' Khosar' in Milman, 'Hist, of the Jews," book xxiii. Maps 78, 79, 81, 82 in Spruner-Menke show the varying limits of the kingdom "der Chazaren." In 732 Constantino V. (Copronymus) mar- ried Irene, daughter of the Khan of the Khasars. About 850 many of them were converted to Christianity by Cyril ( = Con- stantino the Philosopher), and during that century the Khanate extended from Hungary and the sources of the Dnieper to the Cas- pian. Its power was first broken 965, and then extinguished about 1016 by the Dukes of Kiev. C. S. WARD. Wootton St. Lawrence, Basingstoke. BRIGHAM TOWN AND FAMILY (9th S. vi. 8). —In Yorkshire Brigham is not an uncommon surname. It is evidently derived from the East Hiding parish of Brigham and not from the Cumberland township of Brigham. In Domesday the name appears as Bringeham, a form which shows that the name is from a patronymic and not from the A.-S. bricrj, " bridge." Brignall, in Domesday Bringhale and Bringhenale, is from the same patro- nymic. The change from bring to brig is earlier than the thirteenth century. ISAAC TAYLOR. As -regards the place-name, John Denton simply wrote (circa 1610), in his 'Ac- compt of the Most Considerable Estates and Families in the County of Cumber- land ' (ed. Ferguson, 1887, at p. 36), " Brig- ham villa ad jxmtem." It is noticeable that the church is dedicated to St. Bridget. Q. V. The manor of Brigham, with its " villa at! pon tern," was given by William de Meschines to Waltheof, Lord of Allerdale, soon after the Conquest. The latter gave Brigham to Dolfin, son of Ailward. The Brigham family ended in two daughters, and the manor was divided into moieties, one of which was con- veyed by marriage to the Huthwaites, and the other to the Twinhams. The former passed in marriage to the Swinburnes, the other to the Herdas. Upon the attainter of Androwde Herda, Earl of Carlisle, his moiety was given to a chantry of the church of Brigham. After the suppression of the