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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* s. v. APRIL u, im

woman. If the former, sometimes he holds an object in his hand which sanguine people believe that birds will take to be a gun, raised in the act to fire. I have never seen one with a painted face, but hats, in case the mawkin represents a man, are usual. If the figure is intended for a woman, an old print dress, a hood, and an apron are the correct garments ; and if the figure is a very superior specimen of the genus mawkin, a small woollen " turnover " is added, but this is not common. " Mawkin " may be a word used all over England to denote a scarecrow ; but I can only speak from personal knowledge of its use in Lincolnshire.

FLORENCE PEACOCK. Dunstan House, Kirton-in-Lindsey.

ST. HIERETHA (9 th S. v. 107). Nothing more is known of this saint, over and above the few facts summarized by MR. J. HAMBLEY HOWE. There are no oral stories about her at Chittle- hampton. She was the foundress of its church, one whose tower exceeds any other in North Devon in size and ornateness. A local rime referring to it, in conjunction with two neigh- bouring church towers, runs :

Bishop's Nympton for length, North Molton for strength, And Chittlehampton for beauty.

Devon has produced some of the most gallant men that England ever produced, but very few virgin saints SS. Hieretha and Sid well are perhaps the only two. The latter, a fair British maiden, met her death (A.D. 740) not far from the top of my own orchard. From her our parish and church (St. Sid well's) take their name. Samuel Cousins, R.A., the cele- brated engraver, was born in this parish Some time ago, it being proposed to place a three-light painted window to his memory in the church, my co- warden and I were anxious to immortalize thereupon three Devonshire virgin saints. Alas ! although we searchec the cathedral library itself, records of none save the two in question could be found. S we had to fall back upon a " mere man,' Winfred of Kirton (afterwards St. Boniface the Apostle of Germany), to fill the centra opening. HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

WATERPROOF CLOTHING (9 th S. v. 229). A 7 th S. xii. 67, H. H. S. quotes from Occurrence from Foreign Parts, No. 66, 14-21 Feb., 1660 an advertisement of one Richard Bailey dwelling at the "Sun and Rainbow," or Ludgate Hill, who "is also very skilfull in the Art of Oyling of Linnen Cloath or Taffaty, o Woolling of either, so as to make it Impene trable, that no wet nor weather can enter.

'or the early history of waterproof clothing ee also 7 th S. iii. 227 ; 8 th S. i. 127, 215 ; ii. 58, 2. G. L. APPERSON.

It is hardly possible to identify the process used for making the waterproof clothing mentioned in Lord Kenyon's papers, the only ,lue being that it was the invention of " a nan at Chelsea," and that it was in use in the

ear 1801. The reference may possibly be to a waterproofing process patented in 1801^ by ludolph Ackerrnann, the well-known print- seller, of the Strand, and Peter James Cut- >ean, of Bucklersbury, merchant (No. 2,491).
 * t is true that neither of these persons lived

t Chelsea, but they may have had a factory here. Ackerinann was a very energetic )erson, and would probably take effectual neasures for making his process known. &bout a dozen patents for waterproofing were taken out before the commencement of this century, the first having been granted in 1627 to Jbhn Jasper Wolfen (No. 40). The listory of the subject, in so far as it is written the records of the Patent Office, mav be read in a handy little volume published by the department, entitled 'Abridgments of

Specifications relating to Waterproof

Fabrics.' K B. P.

'N. & Q.,' 7 th S. xii. 67, gives an extract from Occurrences from Foreign Parts, 14-21 Feb., 1660, relative to the "Art of

Oyling of Linnen Cloath or Taffaty so as

to make it Impenetrable, that no wet nor weather can enter."

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road.

FORSHAW (9 th S. v. 229). It may interest DR. FORSHAW to learn that on p. 545 of the Lancashire,' by Mannesc & Co., 1854, it is said, alluding to the Ormskirk Grammar School, "This school is at present very efficiently conducted by the Rev. Charles Forshaw "; but on p. 641, under the heading of * Altcar,' it says : " The living is a perpetual curacy and held by the Rev. Francis Forshaw, B.A., who is also Master of the Grammar School at Ormskirk." CHARLES METCALFE.
 * History, Topography, and Directory of Mid-

In answer to DR. FORSHAW'S query, the Rev. Charles Forshaw was ordained deacon at a general ordination at Chester by Bishop Law on 13 December, 1818, and was licensed to the cure of Mottram, Cheshire, on the same date. He was ordained priest by the same bishop at a general ordination at Win- dermere on 16 July, 1820. He was licensed to the curacy of Ormskirk on 29 November, 1821, and to the perpetual curacy of Altcar