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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* s. v. MARCH 31, 1900.

Gaimer's ' L'Estorie des Engles,' imply that Adelbright established himself in East Anglia before the Saxon invasion. He was probably a Danish sea-rover, and the title leader in- stead of king would give a better idea of his position in this country. JOHN KADCLIFFE.

" POLDER" : " LOOPHOLE " (9 th S. iv. 347, 426 ; v. 55). If not wandering away from the original question, there is a " South Polders," the name of a marsh farm in the parish of Woodnesborough, and between that village and Sandwich. About six miles north-west, in the parish of Stourmouth, is the farm "North Polders," having pollard willow trees around the house, and ponds that are perhaps the remains of a moat. A late inhabitant of Stourmouth once told me that this North Polders corresponds with a South Polders near Sandwich, each marking the termina- tion of the earth wall, or embankment, now protecting the Ash level, or valley, from in- undation from the river Stour. The 'Diet, of Kentish Dialect' gives "polder" for a marsh, or piece of boggy soil, and says that Felder Land, in Eastry parish, was anciently "Polder Land."

Although in the reign of Elizabeth there was a large Dutch population at Sandwich, the name is evidently much older. In this instance has Polder anything to do with Balder, the old Norse Apollo, or god of light or beauty? The farm "Polders" is in the borough of "Cold Friday," in the parish of "Wodensborough" (the correct form of the name). Another farm near is Marshborough. ARTHUR HUSSEY.

Wingham, Kent.

Polders, near Sandwich, so named from the Walloon refugees, temp. Queen Elizabeth, now classed as Huguenots. Pulverbach, in Shrop- shire, is called Powderbach, possibly from drained marsh land, as with the "polders"; the "bach," or rivulet, extinct. A. H.

HERALDIC SUPPORTERS OF ENGLISH SOVE- REIGNS (8 th S. ix. 228, 477 : xi. 81, 156). The heraldic supporters of trie sovereigns are given in "Diui Britannici : being a Remark upon the Lives of all the Kings of this Isle from the Year of the World 2855 unto the Year of Grace 1 660. By Sir Winston Churchill, Kt. London, 1675." The first are those of Edward III., the last those of Charles II. Devices are given by Churchill for earlier sovereigns : Brute to Tubelin, A.M., 2855 3921 ; Cunobelin to Cymbelin, A.M. 3934- A.C. 156; the Roman emperors; Vortigern to Caridic, A.C. 446-586 ; the Heptarchy (one device for each dynasty) ; Egbert to Edmonc

[ronsides ; Knute to Hardy-Canute ; Edward }he Confessor and Harold ; William I. to Edward II. ; then follow the royal arms with supporters. These devices and coats of arms may not be authentic, but they are interest- ing. ROBERT PIERPOINT. eft. Austin's, Warringtoii.

"HooDOCK" (9 th S. iv. 517; v. 35, 113). In view of the gloss of " miserly " for this word furnished by MR. BAYNE, and of R. B R'S definition of "huddock" (found also in Halliwell) as a word applied to a cabin in a stinted space, is it possible that the following quotation has any suggestive- ness 1 It is from Lyly's * Euphues, Anat. of

"This old miser asking of Aristippus what he would take to teache and bring yp his sonne, he answered a thousand groates : a thousand groats, Sod shield, answered this olde huddle, I can haue two seruaunts at that price."

M. C. L.

"LA FE ENDRYCZA AL SOBIERAN BEN"

(9 fch S. v. 187). The meaning of this phrase is "Faith directs to the sovereign good." The words " endrycza " and " sobieran " (if the transcription be exact) are puzzling. I cannot, for that reason, say precisely to what language the motto belongs, but it seems to be nearer to the Spanish " La fe endereza al soberan ben " than to the Italian " La fe indrizza al sovran ben." F. ADAMS. 109, Albany Road, Camberwell.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &o.

Memoirs de Monsieur d'Artagnan. Translated into English by Ralph Nevill. Part III. The Captain. (Nichols.)

WE congratulate Mr. Nevill on the completion of his task of rendering into English for the first time the sprightly and outspoken memoirs of D'Artagnan by Sandras de Courtilz. Among recollections concern- ing military and social life in the time of Louis XIV. this work holds a prominent place, and though its authority has been impugned, it is probably as trustworthy as works to which historians look with more respect. At any rate, it depicts with remark- able fidelity the Paris of Bussy Rabutin and Talle- mant des Re"aux, the most depraved and licentious capital, London of the same date not excluded, that the world had seen since the times of the Borgias. " Abominable, unutterable, and worse," are riot a few of the things that Courtilz or D'Artagnan tells us, not, however, without expressing the sternest reprobation. Nothing new is there in what is said ; the same iniquities have been depicted for us by the writers we have already named, and a collection of the gravest arraignments is furnished in the ' His- toiredes Libertins' of M. Perrens. Apart from this unsavoury portion, which is but a fraction of the.