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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9* a. v. MARCH 17, 1900.

his version being for the most part in English blank verse ; but how little likely Calderon is to obtain a more gifted translator, and how much his modest choice of plays on which to exercise his skill, which are not among the author's best, is to be regretted, I think the reader will own after a single quotation from this volume : ' He who far off beholds another dancing, &c.'"

This just and balanced criticism is worth recording as perhaps the first appreciation of FitzGerald's powers which had appeared in public. It was written more than three years before the publication of the ' Rubaiyat.'

1855.

Euphranor, | a Dialogue on Youth. | "Malim VIRUM sine Literis quam Literas sine Viro." | " Better A MAN who doesn't know his Letters than 1 A BOOK IN BREECHES.' " | Second Edition. | Lon- don : I John W. Parker and Son, West Strand. | 1855.

Collation : Small octavo : pp. [ii] and 102 (last page blank and unnumbered), consisting of : Title-page as above, with imprint on verso, " John Childs and Son, Bungay," pp. [i, ii] ; Text, pp. 1-87, p. 88 blank; Appendix, pp. 89-101; Advertisements of "New Books and New Editions, published by John W Parker and Son, West Strand," 4 pages. Issued like the first edition, in green cloth boards, am

which it seems FitzGerald had a special ob- jection, was altered in one place (p. 73) to " Accidents," and in another (p. 77) to " Diffi- culties." These corrections were, of course, maintained in the third edition (see letter to Pollock, 'Letters,' p. 162).

W. F. PRIDEAUX. (To be continued.)

lettered upwards along the back "Euphranor,' within a gilt ornamental border.

This edition of 'Euphranor' is much alterec and enlarged, and contains for the first time an interesting reference to Tennyson on p. 72 and the racing ballad of ' Our Yorkshire Jen. The appendix consists partly of extracts from Eckermann's 'Conversations with Goethe and Bichter's 'Levana,'and partly of anecdotes in the style of 'Polonius,' which are cha racteristic of FitzGerald's love of a free anc healthy life in the open air. But, for some reason or other, it did not wholly meet with his approval, and it has never been reprinted. The second edition of 'Euphranor' seems to be much scarcer than the first. FitzGerald, when writing to Prof. Cowell, 28 May, 1868, said in answer to the professor's request for some copies of ' Euphranor ':

" Oh, yes ! I have a Lot of them : returned from Parker's when they were going to dissolve their House ; I would not be at the Bother of any further negotiation with any other Bookseller, about half- a-dozen little Books which so few wanted : so had them all sent here. 1 will therefore send you six copies."' Letters,' ii. 103.

Later on, FitzGerald bound up several copies of this edition with the privately printed 1865 for presentation to his friends (see letters to Pollock, 'Letters,' ii. 161, and to Fanny Kemble, p. 66). In these copies the appendix was cancelled, and many alterations were made by the pen. In particular, the word "Emergencies," which twice occurs, and to
 * Dramas of Calderon ' and ' Agamemnon ' of

THE GANTELOPE.

THIS mode of punishment was introduced into modern European armies by Gustavus Adolphus, about the year 1620, under the Swedish name gatlopp a compound of gala, signifying a lane, and lopp, a course. Among British troops the punishment has been known under a variety of forms or corruptions of the Swedish word, and an early mention of its use in England is to be found in the 'Diary' of the first Lord Shaftesbury, where, under date 11 April, 1646, there is an entry relating to two soldiers of the Parliamentary army, who had that day been condemned to run the gantelope for desertion ('Life,' vol. i. p. 81, and appendix ii. p. 34). In 1649 two soldiers, convicted of theft, were sentenced to run the gantelop. Many suggestions have been made as to how the letter n came into the first syllable of the word, and Thomas Blount, in his * Glossographia,' second edition, 1661, gives " Gantlope (Ghent Lope), a punishment of soldiers haply first invented at Ghent or Gant in Flanders, and therefore so called; or it may be derived from the Dutch 'gaen looper,' to take one's heels or run ; and Lope in Dutch signifies running."

In a court-martial sentence in 1665 the word is "gauntlet." In Mather's 'History of the War with the Indians in New England,' 1676, the following passage occurs:

" Also they took five or six of the English and carried them away alive, but that night killed them in such a manner as none but Salvages would have done. For they stripped them naked, and caused them to run the gauntlet, whipping them after a cruel and bloudy manner." Albany edition, 1862. p. 136.

In a court-martial sentence in 1681 the word is "gantletf ; but in Sir James Turner's 'Pallas Armata,' 1683 (written, however, in 1671), it is "gatloup" and "gatloupe"(p.349); and of English forms this is the nearest to the original Swedish word. Turner, when a youth, had been employed in the Swedish service in Germany, but in ' Pallas Armata ' he states bis idea that the word "gatloup" was of German origin. In a royal proclamation in Ireland in 1690 the spelling is " gauntlope." Ln the eighteenth century Fielding and other authors write "gantlope," and in the nine- teenth century the word has been again