Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 4.djvu/469

 9* s. iv. dko. 16, -99.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 501 that address I had quoted Mace's account of the extraordinary effect of congregational psalm-singing with organ accompaniment, a custom he had never heard of except at York. I was very pertinently asked at what date it became the custom elsewhere. I cannot yet distinctly answer the question. Pepys went to Hackney in April, 1667, specially to hear the effect, which pleased him mightily. Perhaps during the Puritan rule the metrical psalm-singing had become so universal that it was continued when organs were replaced. There is no warrant for it in the liturgy. Tinning now to the question of the "de- struction ' of cathedral organs, I can answer Mr. Cummings's objections easily enough. The English organs of that date were not " bulky, but small and without pedals ; they could have well been setup in taverns ('Harl. Miscellany,' x. 191). His list of those de- stroyed is incomplete and incorrect. I give the following list for the benefit of W. C. B., who thinks Cromwell implicated. It is founded on the royalist publications, Ryves's ' Mercurius Rusticus,' Hall's ' Hard Measure,' and Dugdale's ' Short View of the late Trou- bles,' supplemented by the Historical MSS. Commission Reports, and some Puritan tracts quoted in Rimbault's ' History of the Organ.' Worcester.—Destroyed by the Earl of Essex's army, Sept., 1642.—Dugdale. At this time Crom- well was only a troop-captain in Sir Philip Staple- ton's regiment. Interesting particulars of later proceedings at the surrender to Fairfax in 1646 are quoted by Rimbault from Townshend's ' Annals,' a work 1 have not seen. Chichester and W inchester.—Destroyed by Sir W. Waller's army, Dec, 1642.—Ryves; to be com- pared, however, with Kit chin's ' Winchester,' p. 19. Exeter.—Destroyed probably very early in the war.—Ryves. By the Earl of Stamford's army? Lichfield. — Destroyed when the cathedral was stormed by the army of Lord Brooke, March, 1643. —Dugdale. Westminster Abbey.—Destroyed by "Westlwrne's and Cawood's companies," according to Ryves; taken down by the Parliamentary Commissioners about Lady Day, 1643, according to Neal's ' History of the Puritans.' Peterborough. — Destroyed by Cromwell's regi- ment, after Cromwell became a colonel.— Gunton's ' History of Peterborough'; Ryves. Norwich.—Destroyed by the townsmen under the direction of Alderman Linsey and others.—Hall. About April, 1643, or earlier. Besides these," the organ at Canterbury was much damaged, though not destroyed, on 26 Aug., 1642, by Col. Sandys'? and Sir Michael Livesey's regiments. —Historical MSS. Commission, v. 45-6; and the tracts quoted by Rimbault. The organs of York, Lincoln, and Durham cathedrals, and even of Old St. Paul's, are said to have been utitouched. That of Roches- ter was not destroyed (as Mr. Cummings wrote), but taken down by the cathedral authorities, sent to a tavern at Greenwich, and returned after the Restoration ('A Per- fect Diurnal'; Hist. MSS., 13th Rep. ii. 277). I should be glad of particulars concerning any other cathedral organs. Comparatively little information about the fate of parish church organs is preserved ; I believe there were not many in ordinary churches, as large numbers had been taken down early in the reign of Elizabeth. On 9 May, 1644, the Lords and Commons enacted the removal of organs from all places of worship. Lastly, Mr. Cummings traversed my asser- tion that more music was published during the ten years of the Commonwealth than during the whole reign of Charles I.; but I need not confute him, as I have long ago published complete lists of both, and even a moment's glance at these will be sufficient. H. Davey. Pluto in Shakespeare as God of Wealth (9th S. iv. 265, 402).—Since my previous note on this subject I have discovered other in- stances of connexion between riches and the kingdom of darkness. In ' Paradise Lost' it is Mammon, the angel of petty rank who_ad- mired the golden floor more than the diviner joys of heaven, who suggests that by means of the gold mines hell might become a rival of heaven in beauty. In Milton's own words : Let none admire That riches grow in hell; that soil may best Deserve the precious bane. Book I. 11. 690-2. With regard to Dante's " citta dolente" and its namo of Dite, Milton is clear on this point when he speaks of Pandemonium, city and proud seat Of Lucifer, so by allusion call'd, Of that bright star to Satan paragon'd. Book X. 11. 4246. Turning to more modern times, in the terrific " Walpurgisnacht" scene in Goethe's ' Faust,' I., when the hero admires the wondrous stream and sparks of gold, Mephis- topheles cries :— Erleuchtet nicht zu diesem Feste Herr Mammon prachtig den Palast ? Ein Gliick, dass du's gesehen hast. In 'Faust,' II., Plutus is introduced as an amusing caricature. "Vermummter Plutus, Maskenneld," a pleasant, genial spectre, ap- pears by means of the occult powers of Mephistopheles — in the character of the Emperor's fool—in order to relieve distress by jugglery. I cannot pass by the masterly audacity in the commendation of his poetic " Knabe-Lenker " by Plu tus :—