Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 4.djvu/270

 338 [9'h S. IV. Oct. 21, *99. NOTES AND QUERIES. elegy and the epithalamiuni may be seen in extenso. Are they in the British Museum 1 M. L. Breslar. Percy House, South Hackney. The Authorship of 'The Red, White, and Blue'(9th S. iv. 164, 231, 312).—J. C. J. misses the point. Fie makes " Britannia, the pride of the ocean," enjoy a non-American popularity in 1856. As to this there is no doubt. I remember the departure of the Guards for the. Crimea, and well know that from the beginning of the Crimean War this tune divided patriotic honours with "Cheer, boys, cheer." But this does not prove that the words wore not an adaptation from the ' Columbia ' of the United States. T. A. O. "Truth is the daughter of Time " (9Ul S. iv. 289).—I beg to refer to 'Hudibras,' part ii. canto iii., pp. 37, 38 :— Quoth Hudibras,—Alas ! what is't t'us Whether 'twas said by Trismegistus, If it be nonsense, false or tnystick, Or not intelligible or sophistiek ? "Pis not antiquity, nor author, That makes truth truth, altlio' time's daughter; 'Twas he that nut her in the pit, Before he pulled her out of it; And as he eats his sons, just so He feeds upon his daughters too. The learned notes of Dr. Nash in the 1847 edition of ' Hudibras ' give much information hereon. Jas. Curtis. " The island of the innocent," Job xxii. 30 (9th S. iv. 65, 232, 277).—The WyclifKte version (made by Nicholas de Hereford, and revised by John Purvey) gives : "An innocent sclial be saued ; sotheli he schal be saued in the clennesse of hise liondis." It would appear from the headings of some of the Psalms that these translators had before them both the Hebrew and the Latin versions of the Old Testament, for they give alternative ver- sions of the headings, e.</., Psalm liv. (Iv.) : "In Ebreu thus, In Jeroms translacioun thus, " C. J. I. Miscellaneous NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Haifitshead : it* Hutoru, Archiroloyu, d-r. By Henry Swainson Cowper, F.S.A. (Bernrose & Sons.) Though belonging to Lancashire, of which it is the northernmost portion, the Chapelry of Hawkshead, as it was called in ancient days, is part of the Lake District, and has most things in common with Cumberland. It is, as its historian Mr. Cowper declares, "water girt," being compassed by three lakes, Windermere, Thurston Water, and Klter Water (Collision might almost be included); three rivers, the Brathay, the Crake, and the Leveii; and two streams, Vewdale and Pierce How becks. Being us yet uniucluded in any tourist district, it is free from the ravages of the tripper, and retains many primitive features. How long this happy immunity may be enjoyed it is futile to conjecture. While, however, the flood of'destructive vulgarity has not engulfed it, Mr. Cowper — a resident dalesman, who has already dealt, with 'The Oldest Register Book of Hawkshead' and with 'The Ancient Settlements and Cemeteries of Furness'— has undertaken to depict its history, archaeology, industries, folk-lore, and dialect. It every British parish of equal extent were to be treated at a length of something not far short of six hundred pages, such as the present volume contains, our libraries would have to be enlarged. We are not saying this by way of complaint, for the volume, to us at least, is not too long, and the parish is, in a sense, representative. In writing its history from the time of the Brigantes very much is necessarily conjectural. Mr. Cowper accepts the view that there was an over-sands Roman road, followed by Agricola in his inarch from Lancaster to the Solw ay, and favours the opinion entertained by some authorities that a military road ran directly from Ambleside, which was more than a mere military station, to Hawkshead. In a singularly interest- ing map of the Norse settlements in Hawkshead parish the means of communication in Roman times are approximately shown. Concerning the cam- paigns of Agricola as presented in Tacitus, no more than is now known is likely to be learnt, and the information accessible is sufficiently confusing. It is all but certain that Agricola reached and crossed the Sol way, and it is probable, even if he kept at first within reach of his ships, that his supplies and re- inforcements from Chester reached him by a route such as Mr. Cowper tentatively suggests. A local antiquary alone can deal with the full value of the map. After the withdrawal of the Romans Hawks- head was, as might be expected from its situation, long in feeling the influences of the Saxon invasion. The Cumbrian Britons found probably one of their last shelters in the Hawkshead fells. After the arrival of the Norsemen the British race disappeared entirely from the lakes. The future fortunes of the inhabitants of the district must be read in Mr. Cowper's pages. Not very rich in archaeological remains is the district, though it is not without such. Of the dalesmen—or statesmen, as they are frequently called—whom Mr. Cowper, in common with Robert S. Ferguson, regards as of Norse descent—a good account is given. Like their Cum- berland brethren, they are a stalwart breed. Out of nineteen celebrated wrestlers from Cumbria and North Lancashire, seven were Hawkshead men, one of whom was bit. 4in., two 6 ft. 3 in., and one 6ft. 2 in., with an average of fifteen and a half stones in weight. Mr. Cowper gives some curious particulars concerning fox-hunting on foot in the dales, and mentions the pack kept by Mr. J. G. Marshall, of Monk Coniston. Another pack was kept by his nephew, the late Mr. John Marshall, of 1'utterdale. The conditions accorded the fox were such as to fill with horror the sportsmen of the South. No mercy was shown him. The object was to kill him, and a tariff was fixed by which, in the last century, a reward of five shillings was given for the head of a fox, anil one of half-a-crown for that of a cub. Rough alike in their pursuits and amusements were the dalesmen, but the records of Hawkshead show little serious crime. The chapter on "Survivals and Folk-lore" will be read with much interest. A fragmentary version of the Easter