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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. in. JAN. 7, 99.

land during the Keign of the Stuarts,' by J. H. Jesse, iii. 234, 289, 403 (Bohn, 1837).

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

CRAFTS AND TRADES IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY (9 th S. ii. 481). The accompanying extract from my rough proof of a paper about to appear in the Transactions of the Essex Archaeological Society may be of some inter- est to CANON TAYLOR. The occupations of witnesses to local deeds recorded in the cartulary of St. John's Abbey, Colchester, are here roughly summarized. Their date is the middle of the thirteenth century :

"Of names of occupation, naturally the clerks (10) come first, practically including all the pro- fessions of to-day, with Presbyters (6) (Sacerdos and Parson are equally rare throughout the chartu- lary). Cooks number 7, Smiths 6, Stewards (dis- pensa tores) and Marshals 5, Millers, Bakers, Porters, and Janitors 3, Dapifers, Chamberlains, Foresters, Goldsmiths, Tailors, Weavers, and Tanners 2, while, of the following, only one representative signed, though others doubtless existed : Sacrist, Cellarer, Pincerna (a Gild officer, according to Dr. Gross), Carter, Thresher (of cloth), Dyer, Chaloner (maker of chalons, coverlets), Furrier, Tasseler (? linen spinner), Tunner (of wine), Vintner, Brewer, Lor- riner, Shoemaker, Shopkeeper, Carpenter, Glass- wright, Frarur (? Friar), and a Messier, a Fucher, and a Niker, whose occupations are a mystery. A ' Nikers medwe ' occurs as a place-name. There is little in this roll of burgesses to indicate that the clothing industry had yet assumed any large pro- portions in the neighbourhood, but it evidently existed, and the fact that the ' Black Book of the Admiralty 'gives the duty payable at Ipswich by 4 Cloth of Colchester ' in the early years of Ed- ward the First's reign (when the census shows no larger number of artisans than we have here noted; leads us to infer that its origin may be placed at a somewhat early date."

These names do not throw light on the numbers of persons engaged in the differed trades and occupations, but they afford prool of their existence in one borough in early mediaeval times. GEO. RICKWORD.

Colchester.

Jjjiisttllxntom.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sid ney Lee. Vol. LVIL TomTytler. (Smith Elder & Co.)

THE appearance of the fifty-seventh volume of thi truly national undertaking punctual to the day as has been that of every previous instalment- suggests some obvious and agreeable reflections together with others that may perhaps be regarde< as fantastic. It is, in the first place, a matter fo congratulation that the end is well in sight, th letter T being now concluded, and one letter, W alone of those that remain being likely to occup much space. The year on which we have jus entered will scarcely see the conclusion of Mr. Lee brilliantly executed task. Before the conclusion o the century the whole of the ' Dictionary ' will b

ailable for the use of scholars, though a few sup- iementary volumes will, as announced, be necessary o deal with the celebrities who have died while le work has been in progress. It will, of course, aise a smile to hint that some collocations of tters seem unfavourable to literary develop- lent, and that, in spite of Juliet's question, there

something in a name. It at least appears that __ere are tracts of the alphabet which are com- aratively barren of names of literary interest, uch a tract is traversed in the present volume. Tot a name is there between Tom and Tytler that i of anything approaching to primary importance, fhile, on the other hand, names such as Tupper nd Tusser abound. The only name, accordingly, to /hich we trace the initials of the editor is.that of lichard Tottell, the publisher, some of whose ven- ures as his publication of Hawes's ' Pastime of Measure,' Lydgate's ' Fall of Princes,' More's ' Dia- ogue of Comfort,' &c. -give him a claim on literary ecognition, while his ' Tottell's Miscellany,' besides reserving all the original verse we possess of Surrey nd Wyatt, is of undying interest, as supplying he model on which our early anthologies were iased. It is interesting to learn that the man who id so much for "the honor of the English tong and or the profit of the studious of Englishe eloquence," o quote from his preface to the ' Miscellany,' was >rincii:>ally a law publisher. Among the writers of econd or third rank Mr. Thomas Seccombe has >een busy. He has been fortunate in one case (that jf Cyril Tourneur, the author of ' The Revenger's Cragedie') to follow out a clue supplied him, and to obtain a full and probably accurate account of a dramatist concerning whom previous records have >een silent. Mr. Seccombe regards as "unduly enthusiastic " the rhapsody in which Mr. Swinburne las indulged concerning Tourneur, and asserts that, n hideous forms of vice to an extent which almost suggests moral aberration, and sets him in a cate- gory of dramatic art far below the highest." In dealing with James Townley, the author of 'High Life below Stairs,' Mr. Seccombe concurs, appa- rently, in the view that Townley, besides being of use to Hogarth, assisted Garrick in many of his best productions and revivals. Tupper, the butt of the critics for over half a century, is held to have been "a vain, genial, warm-hearted man, a close friend, and a good hater of cant, hypocrisy, and all other enemies of his country." One of the two Turbervilles with whom Mr. Seccombe deals is the poet George, the author of ' Tragical Tales,' concerning whom much is said. For Sharon Turner, the historian, an apology is proffered. Next to his life of Cyril Tourneur, that of Richard Trevithick is perhaps Mr. Seccombe's most im- portant contribution. It takes a highly favourable view of its subject. In a different line are also Israel or Ezekiel Tonge, the ally of Titus Gates, and Turpin, the famous Dick. Mr. Leslie Ste-
 * reat as is his tragic intensity, " Tourneur luxuriates

S'len's solitary contribution is the life of John orne Tooke, philologist and politician. Tooke's contributions to philology are treated with a cer- tain measure of respect. They were meant, it is said, "to subserve a characteristic philosophy." An eminently able article of the Rev. Canon Ainger deals with the poems of Tennyson Turner. The most important life in the volume is perhaps that of J. M. W. Turner, carefully compiled by Mr. Cosmo Monkhouse, and accompanied by some sound criti- cism. Among biographies of historical importance,