Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 3.djvu/190

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NOTES AND QUERIES. W* s. in. MAR. n,

Lady Margaret lived to see fully established) absorbed the struggling little foundation called God's House, due to the beneficence of William Bingham, rector of St. John Zachary in the City of London, in 1436.

Hertford. The present college of this name is the second on the same site, Dr. Newton's last-century Hertford College having perished from lack of sufficient endowments.

Colleges founded by bequest after death of Founder. University, Sidney Sussex, Wor- cester, Downing.

School founded in connexion with a College. Wykeham initiated this system with New College and Winchester College ; he was fol- lowed by King Henry VI. with Eton College and King's at Cambridge ; and at Oxford by Waynflete with Magdalen College and Mag- dalen College School. Wolsey's School at Ipswich, in connexion with Cardinal College, fell with him.

Pious founders may be further specialized as follows :

Founder of a College in both Universities. King Henry VIII. with Christ Church (Oxon) and Trinity (Cantab).

But in both cases " the majestic lord who broke the bonds of Home" entered into the labours of others. He refounded Wolsey's magnificent Cardinal College in a maimed and shrunken condition as King Henry VIII.'s College ; this he suppressed, but finally re- erected for a third time, joining it to his new see of Oxford, as Christ Church. In the same year he founded Trinity College in Cam- bridge by a process of absorption ; for the present college has taken the place of King's Hall, the splendid foundation of Henry's ancestor King Edward III., "Tertius Ed- wardus fama super aethera notus " ; of a still earlier foundation, the Michael House (1323) of Hervey de Stanton, Canon of York and Wells, and Chancellor of the Exchequer ; of Physwick's Hostel, belonging to Gonville Hall ; and of six other hostels. Christ Church, indeed, now bears as its coat the arms of Wolsey, the original founder, together with the cardinal's hat ; but in both these great foundations the name of the most learned, if most unscrupulous, of English kings is rightly honoured.

Founders of Two Colleges in One University. Lady Margaret with Christ's and St. John's at Cambridge. Archbishop Chichele, indeed, in addition to his great college of All Souls, founded the monastic college of St. Bernard in Oxford. This house, which ceased at the dissolution of the monasteries, now, so far as the buildings are concerned, forms practically the front quadrangle of St. John Baptist.

King Henry VI. can only be called co-founder of All Souls' by courtesy. Of his two famous foundations, the colleges of Eton and King's, the chapel of the latter has been irreverently likened to an inverted billiard-table by Mr. Buskin ; but had the wonderful design which the king drew up for his college in his will been carried out, the legs of the billiard - table would have harmonized with the other buildings, being but four amid a symmetrical forest of turrets. Bishop Bateman, founder of Trinity Hall, may almost be called a co- founder of Gonville Hall, having removed the latter to its present site in 1351.

Three Archbishops as Founders. Chichele of Canterbury (Laud was almost the second founder of St. John's, Oxon), Rotheram and Cardinal Wolsey of York.

Three Bishops of Winchester. Wykeham, Waynflete, and Foxe. Winchester was the richest see before the Reformation.

Four Bishops of Lincoln. Fleming, Rothe- ram, Smyth, and Wolsey. Until the Re- formation Oxford lay in the vast diocese of Lincoln.

Two Bishops of Ely. Balsham and Alcock. Cambridge lies in the diocese of Ely. Out of thirteen episcopal founders only three founded colleges in Cambridge.

Five Lords High Chancellor. Merton, Wykeham, Rotheram, Waynflete, and Lord Audley of Walden.

Two Chancellors of the Exchequer. Hervey de Stanton, Mildmay.

Priests placing their Colleges under Royal Protection. Adam de Brome initiated this practice by commending his foundation of Oriel to the care of King Edward II. The wisdom of this policy was acknowledged in the cases of Queen's (Oxon), Queens' (Cantab), and Jesus (Oxon). A. R. BAYLEY.

BUTTON GAMES.

THE initial note on " alley tors," under the heading of 'Pickwickian Manners and Customs,' has been productive of some inter- esting notes on the boyish games connected with marbles. Among schoolboy games is a class of games which I do not remember j having seen dealt with at any time in 'N. & Q.' I refer to games played with buttons. I do not know whether button games obtain very widely, but I can remem- ber a period, twenty years ago, when they were immensely popular with the boys of London.

Having observed with what interest the discussion of marbles has been taken up, I have thought that perhaps a few notes