Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 2.djvu/430

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NOTES AND QUERIES.

s. n. NOV. 26, '98.

lorix,' in Camden's ' Britannia,' 1695 edition, p. 845). This is an exceedingly questionable grant, however. Under Henry III. the tenants by cornage in Cumberland were bound (' Testa de Nevill,' p. 380) to march on the king's command " in the army of Scot- land, viz., in the vanguard in going, and in the rearguard in returning." Under Edward II. "la Marche de Solewathe" was claimed by the lieges of Cumberland and Westmor- land as the limit of their obligatory military service (Bain's 'Calendar,' iii. 716). Seem- ingly, then, if the tenure phrase about the four seas had its beginning after 1157, when Malcolm IV. ceded to Henry II. the city of Carlisle, and the estuary became the definite English boundary, there could be little doubt where the waters of the desiderated "sea" Mowed, although strictly the Solewathe was not then reckoned a sea. But what if the phrase was a tradition even in 1157 1 I shall not be surprised if the expression should prove untraceable so far back as the twelfth century, to say nothing of the eleventh and the Norman Conquest. This I say in spite of the picturesquely impossible tale of the puissant King Edgar's 3,600 strong ships stationed in squadrons on the east, west, and northern coasts an apparent recognition not of four seas, but three and of his annual circumnavigation of the island (Florence of Worcester, year 975). Likely enough the term may nave taken rise tenurially, as definitive of the limits of feudal service, in which case ordinary analogies would make it of later birth than the feudal condition it expressed. GEO. NEILSON.

Glasgow.

ROBERT ANDREWS, M.P. FOR WEOBLEY, 1646-53. He is one of the members of the Long Parliament whose identity has baffled all research to trace. He was elected in October, 1646, in the place of Arthur Jones, Viscount Ranelagh, disabled for Royalism, and managed to retain his seat, although not without difficulty, until Cromwell "put an end to their prating " in 1653. He was not an active member, although he certainly served on two important committees, being added to the Committee for Compounding in March, 1648, and that for Plundered Ministers in July, 1650. In Cromwell's three Parlia- ments he had no place, Weobley sending no members, but he was re-elected to that called by Richard Cromwell in 1659. The last trace of him is In February, 1662, when Francis Mansell petitioned the king for leave to re- sign to Robert Andrews his place of Customer Inward at Southampton, wnich through in-

disposition he was unable to fulfil, and the petition was referred to the Lord Treasurer (' Cal. State Papers '). I should be obliged to- any correspondent who could say who this member was and what became of him. It has been thought that he was a brother to* Theophilus Andrews, M.P. and Recorder of Evesham in 1659, who died in 1670. Theophilus Andrews bore similar arms to those of An- drews of Redditch, Evesham, and Offenham,. Worcestershire. He was admitted to Gray'a Inn 7 Nov., 1644, as "of Offingham, Wor- cester," but unfortunately the Admission Register does not further indicate his parentage. A pedigree of Andrews of Red- ditch, Offenham, and London is given in the Visitation of London, 1634, but does not name Theophilus. The eldest son of Thomas Andrews of Redditch, with whom the pedi- gree commences, is called Robert, but is, I fear, too early for the Weobley M.P.

W. D. PINK. Leigh, Lancashire.

KHARTUM. Built on a long, narrow strip of land formed by the junction of the Blue and White Nile, the town, from the configuration of its site, was called Khartum, a word that means "the elephant's trunk." If the first report as to the title to be assutned by the- Sirdar had been correct, this would surely have been the most singular appellation ever- borne by a British peer. ISAAC TAYLOR.

XERES. Canon Taylor tells us that the initial X in Xeres is a guttural, like the German ch, so it probably equates the Greek X, chi ; but see also the Semitic n, cheth ; thus Xeres = French Keresse (see ante, p. 256). In Hebrew we find kheres, "the sun," which varies to kheresh, "a smith," and Assyrian- khurasu for gold. All this may be compared* with the Sanskrit sur, "to rule," so sura, ptira,. sdrya, "the sun"; Greek Ktjpoo), Kvpios. The- comparisons are endless, but Sanskrit sur, a& above, is a duplicate of cMr, " to burn," so kheres = the scorcher, none the less the lord of day. Had Xeres a temple to the sun while Cadiz or Gades was still young 1

A. HALL.

13, Paternoster Row, E.G.

PLACE-NAMES IN " HEAD." (See ante, p. 285.) In addition to the examples given by your correspondent as derived from hqfod and heved, there are others in which " head " is manifestly from hida. Here in Somerset we have Nynehead - Flory, Fivehead, and Fitzhead. Nynehead explains itself. Five- head is Fihida in Domesday, while the latter is described in a charter of Edward the Con-