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NOTES AND QUERIES. p* s. n. AUG. 27, '9?.

substitutes for stiles often met with in walking through the meadows of Cornwall, though the proper Cornish stile has, in addition, a stone or stones at higher elevation to be stepped over. I. C. GOULD.

Loughton.

" WHO SUPS WITH THE DEVIL," &C. (9 th S. ii.

124). This is one of our oldest proverbs. It is variously phrased. George Meriton's ' Praise of Yorkshire Ale,' third edition, 1697, p. 84, has, " He mun have a lang shafted speaun that sups kail with the devil." Dekker's ' Batchelars Banquet ' (' Works,' ed. Grosart, i. 170) has, "Tush, said the young woman, it is an olde saying, he had need of a long spoone that will eate with the diuell." Kemp in the 'Nine Days Wonder,' 1600, also calls it an old proverb, and gives it in practically the same form as in Dekker. The earliest ex- ample of its appearance in literature with which I am acquainted is in Chaucer's 'Squire's Tale,' in Bell's 8 -vol. ed., vol. ii. p. 221, where it appears as:

Therfor bihoveth him a ful long spoon

That schal ete with a feend.

G. L. APPERSON. Wimbledon.

It was hardly worth while to note Shake- speare's allusion to this proverb, not merely because he gives it in full in the ' Comedy of Errors ' (IV. iii. 64), but because it is used, by Chaucer in the 'Squire's Tale' (Globe ed., 1. 603) :

Bihoveth hire [i. e., her] a ful long spoon That shal ete with a feend.

Marlowe has it in the ' Jew of Malta ' (III. iv., p. 104 of Cunningham's ed.) : " He that eats with the devil had need of a long spoon "; and for further examples of its use by Eliza- bethan writers see Col. Dalbiac's 'Quotations, p. 288. I cannot find this proverb in Hazlitt's collection. F. ADAMS.

106A, Albany Road, Camberwell.

May I point out that this proverb may be found in the 'Comedy of Errors,' IV. iii. " Dromio S. Marry, he must have along spoon that must eat with the devil." E. A.

Exeter.

MASTER (9^ S. ii. 129). Admiral George Byng, first Viscount Torrington, married in Co vent Garden Church on 5 March, 1691 Margaret, daughter of James Master, of Eas Langdon, co. Kent, by Joice his wife daughter of Sir Christopher Turnor, of Miltor Erneys, co. Bedford. The said Jaines Mastei was the son of Richard Master of the same place and Anne, daughter of Sir Jame Oxenden, of Dean, Knt, See Berry's ' Kent

'edigrees,' 1830, p. 122, which goes back to ohn Master, 1588. JOHN RADCLIFFE.

The Master family obtained some abbey ands near Dover under Henry VIII., and lave since spread into several branches.

hat at Willesborough culminated in George Vlaster, of the Abbey, Cirencester, Gloucester- shire, still extant. There are two pedigrees
 * iven in Berry's ' Kentish Genealogies.'

A. HALL.

A pedigree of the Master family, of East Langdon, in Kent, and other information, are n Archceologia Cantiana, vol. v. Some of ARTHUR HUSSEY.
 * he family are mentioned in the ' D.N.B.'

See 'Some Notices of the Family of Master, of East Langdon, Kent,' &c., by Rev. George Streynsham Master, 1874. Margaret, eldest daughter of James Master, barrister-at-law, appears at p. 19.

REGINALD STEWART BODDINGTON.

Lady Torrington was eldest daughter of James Master and Joyce Turnor. See a full pedigree in ' Some Notices of the Family of Master,' by Rev. G. S. Master, 1874, p. 19.

C. D.

SMITH'S ' CYCLOPEDIA OF NAMES ' (9 th S. ii. 102). MR. PLATT twice prints " Spalatro." I wish somebody who can write with authority would tell us whether that or "Spalato" is the true form. W. C. B.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The History of the Life and Reign of Richard the Third. By James Gairdner, LL.D. (Cambridge, University Press.)

DR. GAIRDNER'S 'History of Richard III.,' with the accompanying study of Perkin Warbeck, first saw the light a score years ago, and was duly re- viewed in our columns on 25 May, 1878 (5 th b. ix. 419). That and a succeeding edition have long been out of print, and a new and enlarged edition is now given to an expectant public. The additions made concern principally the life of Perkin Wai'beck, on which a flood of new light has been poured from the documents at Simancas^ and elsewhere. The two works now reprinted fit in well with the other studies of Dr. Gairdner concerning the epoch, and supply, indeed, an animated history of the close of Plantagenet and the beginning of Tudor rule. As a portraiture of an epoch and as a study of character the history has won well-merited recognition, and is established as an authority. If as a rehabilitation of Richard it is but half hearted, it must in justice be conceded that the work is nob intended as such. Dr. Gairdner's aim is to establish the truth, so far as this can be reached, rather than maintain a thesis or theses, or startle the world by a display of paradox. His attitude is throughout judicial, and the result of his labours is less to disturb our conviction than