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NOTES AND QUERIES. [9 th s. xn. DEC. 5, -im

set out differs in the spelling of several words from all the other copies, the name appearing in the peculiar form "Scarlet." Can there be any special reason for the marked discrepancies in all the copies, or are they no more than might have been expected?

ALEX. LEEPER. Trinity College, Melbourne University.

HEIDELBERG GALLERY (9 th S. xii. 327). In the description of Heidelberg given in Baedeker's 'Rhine' (p. 266) I find the fol- lowing :

"The interesting Collection of Art and Anti- quities (adm., see p. 265 ; catalogue supplied by the keeper), at present arranged in the lower story of the Otto-Heinrichs-Bau, was founded by Count Charles de Graimberg (d. 1864), and acquired by the town of Heidelberg in 1879."

In the list of its principal contents there is no mention of the Stuart portraits. I quote from the fourteenth edition (1900).

C. C. B.

As MR. FOSTER requests " any information about this collection," I beg to refer him to 4 N. & Q.,' 2 nd S. x. 70, where he will find several works referred to by the Editor :

''The following are the titles of Count Carl von <irainberg's works: 1. '(luide dans les Ruines du Chateau de Heidelberg,' Heid., oblong fol. (1840?) ; 2. ' Notice de la Ualerie des Antiquites du Chateau de Heidelberg,' Heid., Ifimo, 1847 ; 3. 'DasHeidel- berger Pass.,' Vierte Auflage, Heid., 8vo, 1848."

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road.

' XOTES AND QUERIES ' : EARLY REFER- ENCES (9 th S. xi. 265 ; xii. 151, 276). HIPPO- CLIDES, at the first of these references, gives an "editorial note" from 'The Virginians' which refers to ' N. & Q.,' and adds :

"The whole is, of course, only one of the mild devices to secure verisimilitude which used to be popular with novelists."

Is this quite certain ? Thackeray was him- self a student of ' N. & Q.,' and with good results, for in his note-book, containing the historical materials for his fine unfinished story, Denis Duval,' one of the authorities given for the two British villains of the plot the brothers George and Joseph Weston, is

JVotes and Queries. Series I. vol. x." : and a reference to that volume will show that

the noted Westerns " (indexed as ' Westons of Wmchelsea ') were dealt with in detail at pp. 286, 354, and 392.

A certain W. M. T., it is curious to note, was tour times a contributor to that volume but though the topics were mainly literary' the style does not suggest that of William Makepeace Thackeray, though one of them begins (p. 302) :

" Your correspondent JUVEBNA, who amuses him- self with rioting Mr. Thackeray's slovenly syntax, would find, I think, better sport in ticking off the elegancies of style in Mrs. Beecher Htowe's ' Foreign Lands.' "

ALFRED F. ROBBINS.

In the 1865 edition of his ' Apologia,' note B, Cardinal Newman wrote :

" However, a few years ago an Article appeared in Notes and Queries (No. for May 22, 1858), in which various evidence was adduced to show that the tongue is not necessary for articulate speech."

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

GRUBB (9 th S. xii. 189, 371). Many sur- names are derived from nicknames, sometimes used appreciatively and sometimes depre- ciatively ; but as a rule they are very explicit and direct in their application, and their meaning is obvious. On the other hand, there are many names which seem by their sound to have connexion with commonplace things, but really have not. Some are foreign in origin. Might not Grubb have connexion with some German word such as Grube ? Some names are of home facture, though not Saxon ; and many of these are very deceptive in sound. MR. MACMICHAEL has been himself deceived by the word Penny father^ which he thinks a nickname for a miser. How would he derive Penny gent, Penny quick, Penny wern, and similar surnames? F. P.

M'RAGHNALL (9 th S. xii. 329). About one hundred and twenty references to the Mc- Raghnall or MacRannal family will be found in the * Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland,' by the Four Masters.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

OVERSTRAND CHURCH (9 th S. Xii. 308, 354).

In Bristol Cathedral, in what was probably the monastic sacristy, and now serves as the vestibule to the Berkeley Chapel, is a hearth with its flue overhead. It is usually said that upon this the sacramental bread was baked. F.

THE NATIONAL FLAG (9 th S. xii. 327, 372, 398). I would desire to add to my note on this subject that since I wrote to you Admiral Sir Lambton Lpraine has pointed out in a letter to the Times that all ships other than His Majesty's are interdicted by the Merchant Shipping Act from displaying the Union Jack.

The correspondence which has lately appeared in the Times, including a letter from Sir Cavendish Boyle, seems further to support my view that the question has not yet been decided in favour of the non-official