Page:Notes and Queries - Series 9 - Volume 11.djvu/303

 9*8. XL APRIL 11, 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

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circa 1525 (Lord Braybrooke's 'Audley End and Saffron Walden,' p. 240), under a licence obtained from the Crown in April, 1523 (' Calendar of Letters and Papers temp. Henry VIII.,' vol. iii. part ii. p. 1264) ; and the two documents in question, the dates of which can be fixed approximately by the facts already stated, were probably obtained from Eton and Winchester by a master of Saffron Walden School, to be used as guides in deter- mining what his own school curriculum should be. The free school at Sutton Valence was founded under a royal licence dated 9 Feb- ruary, 1575/6 ('Rot. Pat.,' 18 Eliz., pt. vii.). Whether I be right or wrong in my con- jecture as to the object of MR. BURRELL'S inquiry, I would suggest that this reply ought to be indexed under 'Saffron Walden School ' as well as under 'Sutton Valence School.'

H. C.

The late Mr. Chase, clerk to the Cloth - workers' Company, drew up a statement of the free schools, almshouses, and other gifts and charities for William Herbert, librarian to the Corporation of London. This is printed in his ' History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies,' 1836. In this report he states that the free school at Sutton Valence was founded by William Lambe, Esq., anno 1578, in which year he also erected an almshouse in the same place. Samuel Lewis, in his 'Topographical Dictionary of England,' 1831, has adopted 1576.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road.

RITUAL : QUOTATION FROM GLADSTONE (9 th S. xi. 209). It is the concluding sentence in paragraph thirty-nine of * The Church of England and Ritualism,' vol. vi, p. 130, 'Gleanings of Past Years'; and that paper is a reprint, with revision, of 'Ritual and Ritualism,' which first appeared in the Con- temporary fieview for October, 1874.

W. S.

ARTHUR HENRY HALLAM (9 th S. x. 427, 510). COL. PRIDEAUX has promptly put me on the track I have been in search of in his comprehensive reply at the second reference, for which I am much beholden to him. ' N. & Q.' is never so useful as when it enables its alumni in letters to render service each to each. Since my query appeared my friend DR. W. E. A. AXON has also kindly lent me his copy of the ' Remains.' The little volume bears date 1869 (Murray), and is apparently a reprint of the editions of 1853 and 1862. It contains the ' Oration ' and the ' Remarks,' the preface of 1834, and the 'Memoir' of H. F. Hallam signed H. S. M. and F. L.

For whom do these initials stand ? I may add that a perusal of the book has more than fulfilled the expectations as to the literary talents of its author which his contributions to the Eton Miscellany had awakened.

J. B. McGovERN. St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester.

CITY OF THE VIOLET CROWN (9 th S. xi. 108, 177). Through an importer's error, my copies of ' N. & Q.' for a month past have only now reached me, but possibly some items under this heading, taken from an old note-book, may still be of service. For the first quota- tion I have entered no credit :

"Aristophanes calls Athens ioo-re<ai/os. "lov means a violet, and Ion ("Icov), the eponymous founder of the Ionian race, was a representative king at Athens, whose four sons gave names to the four Athenian classes. It was therefore Ion's city, the city of the violet ; the city of King Ion the city of the violet crown."

" The sunsets [at Athens] were of extraordinary beauty, and in the afterglow may still be seen the curious light which caused Athens to be named ' The City of the Violet Crown.' " ' Athens and its Acropolis,' Temple Bar, 101, 568 (1893).

As a comment upon the last I have added a paragraph from ' Lettres a une Inconnue,' where Merimee, referring to Homer's calling the sea " purple," says :

'I never understood its application until last year. I was on a little caique on the Gulf of Lepanto, going to Delphi. The sun was setting, and as it dis- appeared the sea wore for ten minutes a magnificent tint of dark violet ; but this requires the air, the sea, the sun of Greece."

Dean Stanley also somewhere notices the illumination of an Athenian sunset, and remarks upon " the violet hue which Hymet- tus assumes in the evening sky."

In one of the several places where Aris- tophanes in ' Acharnians ' and ' Knights ' calls Athens " violet-crowned," Frere trans- lates :

On the citadel's brow, In the lofty old town of immortal renown With the noble Ionian violet crown. It was Pindar who first called Athens " violet- crowned," in one of his Scolia or drinking songs :

Ai Anrctpcu Kai ioavo(, 'A.Qrjvai.

Is it true, as seems to be implied both in my first excerpt and in the Editor's note at the above reference, that the violet ever became the especial flower of Athens, so that it was the City of the Violet in the sense that Florence is the City of the Lily 1 It is thought, I believe, that Homer's violet was the purple iris, whatever flower may have been intended by later writers. I do not recall what flower, if any, was appropriated to Athena flowers