Page:Notes and Queries - Series 2 - Volume 10.djvu/408

 334 NOTES AND QUERIES. S. X OCT. 27. '60. trippant Argent : but in my MS. Notes of Heraldiy they are Vert, 3 Bucks trippant or." In a window of the Episcopal Palace of Lincoln at Buckden were the arms of John Green, bishop of that diocese, 1761 1779: Azure, 3 bucks trip- pant or. JOSEPH Rix. St. Neots. SLESVIG. (2 nd S. x. 227.) In " N. & Q." I find a statement from your cor- respondent W. B. of Edinburgh, that the old name of Slesvig was Hedeby. This is a mistake, ly means a town or village, never a country. The old name of Slesvig is Sunder Jyttand (South Jut- land), which name originated in the thirteenth century, and is yet used as a popular name in con- tradistinction to Nvrre Jylland (North Jutland), which is used both as a popular and as an official name for what now is called also simply Jutland. Slesvig became the official name since the sixteenth heh ehe he he heh heh he century, and was originally the name only of a town, until lately the capital, and situated about ten miles from the frontier, between Slesvig and Holstein, the old frontiers between Denmark and Germany. It was called so from being situated at the innermost vig of the fjord Sli, and is stated by early writers to have been identical with the old Heddeby, Othar's Hcethum. Ethelwerth says that it was the capital of the native country of the Angles, and that its name was in Danish Hedeby, but in Saxon Sliaswich, which statement is re- peated by Adam of Bremen, but is scarcely quite correct. First, the two names yet exist, but be- long to two different places about a mile from each other. Secondly, why should the neighbour- ing Saxons have given the Danish town a new Danish name ? Haddeby is undoubtedly the old place : its church is of so great antiquity that it may very well be the same stone church erected by Ansgarius in the ninth century, when the first church there, being the first in the Scandinavian countries, had been burnt down. That it really was the capital of the old Angles is not unlikely to be the fact, as the country north of it as far as Flensberg is yet called Angela, and the people Angles ; but as far as the two names are con- cerned the truth seems to be the following : We learn that the great Emperor Henry of Germany, returning from a successful invasion of Denmark, kept a Saxon colony in Haddeby, which possibly has established itself in a part of the then large place adjoining the harbour, and called Sliasvic ; and thus it may have happened that the Saxons in modern Holstein have after- wards used this name for the quarter inhabited by their countrymen for the whole town. After- wards, when a court was established at Gottorp, a little north of the town, a new town may have arisen by enlargement of Sliaswic, and at last the whole has been divided in two, the old Had- deby remaining where it was, and the new town taking the name from the quarter of which it was originally only an enlargement. The English bay, Germ. Bucht, Dan. Bvgt, comes from bow, beugen, or biegenboje. Vig is of Icelandish vtftja, Dan. vige, Germ, weichen, but without a corresponding term in English. C. G. ALE AND BEER. (2 nd S. x. 229.) In modern usage the distinction between ale and beer is, as A. A. observes, different in different parts of the country. But I apprehend that, ori- ginally, the distinction was very clearly marked : Ale, being a liquor brewed from malt to be drunk fresh. Seer, a liquor brewed from malt and hops, in- tended to keep. And hence it is that, even at the present day, when malt liquor gets stale, it is said in popular language to be beery. The distinction that I have pointed out is clearly observed in Johnson's Dictionary, where ale is defined : " A liquor made by infusing malt in hot water, and then fermenting the liquor." Beer: "Liquor made from malt and hops;" "distin- guished from ale either by being older or smaller." Ale thus defined answers to the description given by Tacitus (Germania, 23.) of the drink of the ancient Germans: "humor ex hordeo aut frumento, in quandam similitudinem vini cor- ruptus." The ancient Spaniards had a somewhat similar drink, called by them Celia, which Florus (ii. 18.) describes as "indigenam ex frumento potionera." So far as concerns our own ancestors in the Middle Ages much light is thrown on these points by the Promptorium Parmdorum. The Latin word celia is there applied to new ale, called also gyylde, or gile ; which is shown by Mr. Albert Way in his note to be synonymous with wort. The Latin word given for ale is cervisia, and the following remark is added: "notabene, quod est potus anglorum" And such no doubt it was till the use of hops became general. The Latin word given for " bere, a drynke," is " Hummidina, vel Hummuli potus, aut cervisia hum- mulina." There is an ancient rhyme which says : " Turkeys, Carps, Hops, Piccarel, and Seer, Came into England all in one year." The year when all these good things are sup- posed to have been introduced, was somewhere in the early part of the reign of King Henry VIII. But it is evident that as early as 1440, when the