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NOTES AND QUERIES. [i2s.vii.ocr.3o,i92o.

may, I fancy, be presumed that what passed as " Turkie worke " was often Persian. Turkey rhubarb was so-called, not because it was grown in Turkey, but because it came or was supposed to come through Turkey. In the directions given by Hakluyt to M. Morgan Hubblethorne (1597), we read :

" In Persia you shall finde carpets of course (sic) thrummed wooll, the best ot the world, and excel- lently coloured you must use meanes to learne

all the order of the dying of those thrum mers, which are oo died as neither raine, wine, nor yet vineger can staine."

In the account of the sixth "Voyage " of Christopher Burrough we are told " that the Basha of Derbend was a great trader, not with equitie in all points," yet not " extreme ill " in his general dealing. We have, too, a description of the coming in of the " Turkish treasure " under a convoy of 200 soldiers. Goods were also sent overland from Derbend to Aleppo, with which place the Venetians had a direct trade, but this was a somewhat precarious traffic on account of the thievish Turks. C. C. B.

LATIN AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE (12 S. vi. 202, 234, 261, 282, 300, 321 ; vii. 17, 112). John Game in his 'Letters from Switzerland and Italy ' (London, 1834), says : " Many of the tradesmen of Thun are acquainted with the classics, and if you wish, will talk Latin with you from behind the counter." JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

DENNY, DE DEENE, &c., FAMILIES (10 S. xii. 424 ; 11 S. ii. 153, 274 ; vi. 418 ; 12. S. vii. 247). As my name, I find, has now been introduced into this discussion, I desire to state that the name of Denny, which has two syllables, is, of course, entirely distinct from those of Dene, Deene, Dean, &c., which have only one. The latter present their own difficulties* but, as Denny is a well-known place-name which occurs in more than one county, there seems to be no reason to doubt that the surname of Denny is derived from it.

The argument from heraldry, in such cases, is extremely hazardous ; for experts must be well aware how numerous are the cases in which the misreading of surnames has led to confusion of coats, or in which a similarity of name has led to wrongful assumption of the arms of another family, or to the adoption of a similar coat, with most misleading results. J. H. ROUND.

Dene, Deane, Adeane ' in Genealogist, 1900, xvi. 71.
 * See a critical review of Miss Deane'a ' Book of

MRS. O. F. WALTON (12 S. vi. 336 ; vii. 317).. The above lady was daughter of the Rev. John Deck, Vicar of Christ Church, Hull. Her brother, the Rev. Henry Leigh Richmond^, was educated at Repton, and I believe suc- ceeded his father in Hull. When I last heard of him, he was in the Diocese of Canterbury ..

(Mrs.) HELEN GRACE FISHER. Winterton, Doncaster.

FRANCIS LHERONDELL ( 12 S. vii. 289, 337). He appears to have died at Chelsea, Oct. 1, 1752. See 'Alumni Oxonienses,' 2nd Series,. s.n., L'herondell, Francis. G. F. R. B.

POISONED KING OF FRANCE (12 S. vii. 311). I have no History of France to hand, but if I remember rightly Francis II. is^ generally supposed to have been murdered by poison dropped in the ear. He was king for less than a year. He married Mary, niece of the Due de Guise and his brother- the Cardinal de Lorraine, and also Queen of Scots. His mother, Catherine de Medicis, regarded with a jealous fear, the influence of the Guises, which led her to desire the death of her eldest son, the unfortunate Francis, though it is uncertain if she was guilty of this crime. The description of the king's death-bed scene, given by Dumas in ' The Two Dianas, ' is substantially true* He describes the controversy between the shrinking conservatism of the King's regular medical advisers, and the daring eclecticism of Ambroise Pare, the celebrated surgeon, who proposed to perform the new operation of trepanning. The operation might have been successful, had it been performed, but owing to the interference of the Queen - mother it did not take place.

H. P. HART. The Vicarage, Ixworth, Bury St. Edmunds.

ELIZABETH CHUDLEIGH, DUCHESS OF KINGSTON (12 S. vii. 290, 336). Apparently the place of her burial is one of the many unsolved riddles in the biography of this interesting eighteenth-century character. I have before me the late Mr. J. Elliott- Hodgkin's collections, and notice one corre- spondent suggested she was buried in the chapel of Lainston House, near Winchester. This is improbable. She died Aug. 26, 1788, not 1785 (vide 'Elizabeth Chudleigh/ &c., by Miss Louisa Parr, Pall Mall Magazine, p. 365). There is a codicil to her will dated May 10, 1787. Subsequent to her death, G. Kearsley published an anonymous: ' Authentic Detail ' of her life, trial, &c_ "On her return from Russia she bought art