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NOTES AND QUERIES. [12 s. m. MARCH 17, 1917.

though even that is not incompatible with deeds of terror and cruelty on the part of Pele towards Tier. One thinks inevitably of Demeter and Persephone ; and it is noticeable that pigs thrown into the chasm of her crater at Kilauea Are the appropriate sacrifice to Pele also.

Mr. Westervelt's narratives are attractively written especially that of the winning of Lohiau, and the long toil and hard fighting of Hiiaka on toer sister's behalf.

He winds up with the story of Kapiolani one of the great stories of the world and gives us Tennyson's poem on the subject, which made us rather wish that some one else would try his hand .at it.

Slavery in Germanic Society during the Middle Ages. By Agnes Mathilde Wergeland. (Chicago University Press ; London, Cambridge Univer- sity Press, Is. 6d. net.)

THIS is a memorial volume to an accomplished historical scholar, having been found the most suitable of her writings to be reprinted with that object. The Preface, contributed by Mr. Frank- lin Jameson, speaks of Dr. Wergeland's energy of mind and inspiring qualities as a teacher, and what he says is well borne out by this specimen of her work. After a brief introductory chapter, we have the subject of slavery in Germanic society dealt with under the heads of Reduction, Restitution, and Liberation. The writer's grasp and knowledge of her material is evident, espe- cially her fa miliarity with the ancient legal aspects of slavery. She makes explicit and connects together much which even the pro- fessed historian has hitherto commonly left vague, and thereby made of less importance than it really was in his picture of the past.

This monograph in itself is, however, more like an exercise for a degree than a book properly speaking. The reader is enabled by it rather to appreciate the vigour and learning of the writer than to satisfy himself by acquiring for his own part a good grip of her knowledge. Its style, though terse, is curiously evasive, and there is an almost total absence of historical example and illustration. Although one point of differ- ence between the slave and the free may be said to be that the free have a history, and the slave, generation after generation, has none, still, more numerous and more consecutive references to history especially chronological references would greatly have improved the clearness of the argument. It is, nevertheless, a brilliant essay upon a subject of the highest interest, which deserves more attention from students than it usually receives.

The Burlington for March has for frontispiece a photogravure of a portrait of an aged Venetian nobleman, from the collection of Lord Northwick, still in the gallery at Northwick Park. This picture, which has been cleaned, is attributed by Sir Sidney Colvin to Titian, and dated about 1565. Signor Giacomo da Nicola continues the ' Notes on the Museo Nazionale of Florence,' and gives reproductions of three bas-reliefs found by him in the store-room of the museum. These are powerful works of art, representing respec- tively the Crowning with Thorns, Christ before Pilate, and the Way of the Cross, and are attri- buted with some confidence to Donatello. The correspondences with Donatello's known work are

pointed out, the bas-reliefs being considered by the writer as experiments for work on the doors of the Duomo. Signor Mario Brunetti contributes a note on Romney's sojourn in Venice, and quotes the document in which permission was asked for him to copy Titian's ' St. John the Baptist ' in the church of S. Maria Maggiore. Mr. Camp- bell Dodgson supplies a reproduction of a woodcut illustrating the relics of the Holy Roman Empire, including the robes and regalia used at the corona- tion of the Emperor at Aix-la-Chapelle, and the spear of St. Maurice. Mr. A. Kingsley Porter in ' The Chronology of Carlovingian Ornament in Italy ' discusses, and gives reproductions of, the ornament on the tomb of S. Cumiano in the crypt of the church of S. Columbano at Bobbio (Piacenza). These ornaments, of great beauty and delicacy of technique, belong to the time of the Lombard king Luitprand (712-743), and illustrate Mr. Porter's thesis that the great time of Carlovingian art was the eighth century. This tomb also points to a centre of Irish artistic influence in Italy at this time. Mr. Lionel Cust discourses on Manet at the National Gallery, and some of the pictures now on view there are reproduced. Mr. G. F. Hill has an article on the Whitcombe Greene Plaquettes.

The Athenaeum now appearing monthly, arrange- ments have been made whereby advertisements of posts vacant and wanted, which it is desired to publish weekly, may appear in the intervening weeks in ' N. & Q.'

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MRS. VENDENHEIM. Forwarded.

MALVERN. Forwarded to MR. PENRY LEWIS.

ST. PAUL'S SCHOOL : EDWARD NELTHORPE (12 S. iii. 128). COL. FYNMORE writes : " Burke 's ' Peerage and Baronetage,' 10th edition, has Edward, third son of Sir Goddard Nelthorpe, Bart., d.s.p. Dec. 24, 1728."

SARAH, DUCHESS OP MARLBOROUGH (12 S iii. 169). MR. A. R. BAYLEY, quoting from Stanley's ' Historical Memorials of Westminster,' gives as the Dean's authority for the story Mrs Delany's ' Autobiography,' iii. 167.

ODOURS (12 S. ii. 490; iii. 179). MR. W. A HIRST writes : " The gas mentioned at the latter reference is called by the French the Lilac Death."