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NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. vn. M AE. i, 1913.

puts his hat in the font ! Above zero, and rising thence to 100', are Dr. Jeune, Anglicans, the Bishop of London, the Bishop of Durham, Cranmer, Luther, High Churchmen, the Bishop of Oxford, and the publisher of The Church Times. At 100 are Ritualists. Above boiling- point, out of reach of the ascending mercury, are Dr. Pusey, Mr. Richards, Mr. Rivington, Mr. Mackonochie, and the Bishops of Salisbury and Capetown. Highest of all, and right off the scale, is All Saints', Margaret Street."

Over the signature of J. L. is an article on ' Church Journalism in the Half -Century,' in which a modest position is assigned to the influence of The Church Times. It is pleasing to find that the closing note is one of praise to the working staff of the paper, with a portrait of Mr. William Garrod, overseer of the composing department, who helped to make up No. 1. This long service occurs frequently in newspaper offices. We knew well the overseer who made up the first number of The Daily News, and who retired not so many years ago : he was full of remi- niscences of the very short editorship of Charles Dickens.

We are given excellent portraits of Mackonochie, Dr. Neale, George Palmer, the Rev. J. E. Vaux, Dr. Littledale, Canon Benham, Mr. Alfred R. Cooke, and others. Among the illustrations are the old and the new offices of the paper, and the memorial window to Palmer in St. Mary Magdalene's, Munster Square.

When in 1903 The Church Times moved into its present quarters close to King's College Hospital, the event was com- memorated by a punning chronogram over the main door :

ECCLESlAE TEMPOBA IN AL.TA PACE DISPONAS,

which we may render "Keep Thou the Times of the Church in deep peace."

With the questions taken up by The Church Times the neutrality of ' N. & Q.' has nothing to do, for or against, but our respect is due to Palmer for the brave persistence with which he carried on his paper, fighting gallantly for the cause he loved, and we congratulate his sons on the inheritance to which they have succeeded. That they intend still to carry the torch handed to them is shown by these closing lines :

" The Church is always militant here on earth, and we trust that our Journal will always be ready for the fray. Yet there is war and war ; there is peace and peace. We shall seek peace within, that we may fight the better against foes without. We have had fifty years of fighting; still fresh, we begin another half-century with the

invocation, brought to date, with which we moved into our new home after the first forty years of conflict

ECCLESlAE TEMrORA TV SALVs NOSTRA IN PACE: DISPONAS,"

which we may again render as "OThou our Salvation, keep the Times of the Church in peace."

JOHN COLLINS FRANCIS.

THE PROTECTION OF INVENTIONS

DURING THE COMMONWEALTH

AND PROTECTORATE.

THE PRINTED INDEXES of the Patent Office contain no entries for the period between the- years 1642 and 1660, and it has been thought that no patents for inventions were granted during the Commonwealth and Protectorate. It would take up too much of the space of ' N. & Q.' to enter into a full discussion of the matter, but in brief it may be said that the lacuna in the Indexes is due in part to the breakdown, in 1642, of the machinery under which grants of Letters Patent had been made, and in part to the incomplete state of the records for the period in question.

The following list has been prepared after reference to Journals of the House of Lords,. Journals of the House of Commons, Calen- dars of State Papers Domestic, Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission (House of Lords Papers), Scobell's ' Collec- tion of Acts,' &c., and to the nine Patent Rolls of the Protectorate which exist in the- Public Record Office.

1643. Dominique Petit, Peter Delicques, and Claudius Faucault. An invention to draw and bring forth, out of the seas and rivers of this- kingdom, upon the firm land, all or part of such ships, their lading and cannons, which are over- whelmed therein. Seven years. Ordinance of the Lords and Commons, 26 August, 1643.

1645. Capt. Peter Cannon. Iron and brass ordnance to be loaded at the " britche," as others now are at the mouth. An ordinance giving the- desired protection was passed by the Lords, but it failed to get through the Commons.

1648. William Petty. Instrument for double- and multiple writing. Fourteen, years. Ordinance of the Lords and Commons to enable the Com- missioners of the Great Seal to issue Letters Patent.

1648. Peter Chamberlen. Baths and bath- stoves. Fourteen years. Ordinance as to Petty above.

1650. George Manby. Invention to prevent the great consumption of Cole and Wood, and also of Iron, Lead, and Copper, used for the boiling of all sort of Liquors in Brewhouses, Salt- works, and other works of that kinde ; whereby sufficient Quantities of Salt will be made within a short time to serve this Nation,, without the help-