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NOTES AND QUERIES. [11 s. vi. A. 24, 1912.

the Use of Schools, and Young Persons in General. The English by William Cobbett ; the French by J. H. Sievrac. London. Printed "by Mills, Jowett, and Mills ; for William Cobbett, No. 183, Fleet Street. 1828.

12rno ; French on one side, English on the other ; pp. ix-265 of each.

Oobbett's Weekly Register. Volume LXV From January to June, 1828. [Volume LXVI From July to December, 1828.1 London : Printed and published by the Author, at >Nb. 11, Bolt Court, Fleet Street. 1828.

8vo. each volume pp. iv-832 calumns- 4 pp. Indices.

1829.

JL Ivice to Young Men and (incidentally) to Young Women in the Middle and Higher Banks of Life. In a Series of Letters, addressed to a Youth, a Bachelor, a Lover, a Husband, a Father, a Citizen, or a Subject. By William Cobbett. Printed by B. Bensley, Andover, and Published by the Author, 183, Fleet Street, London ; and sold by all Booksellers. 1829.

12mo, no pagination. 355 numbered para- graphs.

The English Gardener, or A Treatise On the Situation, Soil, Enclosing and Laying-Out of Kitchen Gardens ; on the Making and Managing of Hot-Beds and Green-Houses ; and on the Propagation and Cultivation of all sorts of Kitchen-Garden Plants, and of Fruit-Trees whether of the Garden or the Orchard. And also On the Formation of Shrubberies and Flower-Gardens ; and on the Propagation ,,nd Cultivation of the several sorts of Shrubs and Flowers ; concluding with A Kalendar, Giving Instructions relative to the Sowings, Plantings, Prunings, and other Labours, to be performed in the Gardens, in each Month of

the Year. By William Cobbett Printed by

the Author, 183, Fleet Street, London ; and sold by all Booksellers. 1829. 12mo, no pagination.

'The Emigrant's Guide ; in ten letters, addressed to the Tax-payers of England ; containing In- formation of every kind, necessary to persons who are about to "emigrate ; including several authentic and most interesting Letters from English Emigrants, now in America, to their Relations in England. By William Cobbett. London : Printed by Mills, Jowett, and Mills. Published by the Author, at 183, Fleet Street. MDCCCXXIX. 12mo, pp. 153.

<obbett's Political Register. Vol. LXVII. From January 2 to June 27, 1829, inclusive. [Volume LXVIII. From July 4 to December 26, 1829, inclusive.] London: Printed'and published by the Author at No. 11, Bolt-Court, Fleet Street. 1829.

8yo, each vol. pp. iv-832 columns-2 pp. indices.

LEWIS MELVILLE.
 * Salcombe, Harpenden, Herts.

(To be continued.)

FITZ WILLIAM AND GRIMALDI ARMS.

I THINK the fact that the Fitz\villiam and Grimaldi arms and motto are the same is undervalued. It is not the case of a lion, an eagle, or a cross, which are plentiful in every armory ; but, as far as I can find, the lozengy argent and gules are very scarce; and, with the motto "Deo juvante," still scarcer. I have never seen even an attempted explanation as to why a great ancient English family copied the arms and motto of an Italian one. For, of course, to suggest that the Grimaldi copied the Fitz- william arms would be absurd. Yet \vhen a simple explanation is offered which clears up the whole matter, viz., that the Fitz- vvilliams and the Grimaldi had a common ancestor, it is rejected as if too incredible to discuss.

However, the identification of the "Gois- frid the Marshal" of Domesday Book, the " Goisfrid de Bee" of Domesday Book, the "Goisfrid de Bee" of Venasque, and ''Godric the Marshal" of the Fitzwilliam pedigree, as one and the same great person, has, I think, been as clearly made out (see my note on 'The Fitzwilliam Family,' US. v. 164) as could be expected 1 specially as the era and dates of these four names exactly coincide, and they are taken from such high and independent sources as to make collu- sion or copying seem unreasonable.

As to the Fitzwilliam. scarf, I understand that lately it has been examined by experts and pronounced to be no scarf, but a costly ecclesiastical stole, worn, probably, at William I.'s coronation. But the under- lying idea of William's invasion was a religious crusade, hence the Pope gave his alessing and patronage to William, and sent him relics, &c., as omens of success. This stole may have been one of them, which William naturally wished to utilize, and so wore it at Hastings as a mascot, and, con- luding it had. brought him victory, was rowned in it, and, it having served his purpose, gave it to his Marshal.

As to the Fitzwilliam arms, I do not find them common. In Fransone's great work, Nobilita di Genova ' (Genoua, 1636), there are some 900 Italian coats of arms, with plenty of lions and eagles, &c., but only that of Grimaldi, and that of Oliva, which was aggregated to the Grimaldi, 1528.
 * wo shields bearing the Fitzwilliam arms :

In Cellyer's ' Armorial Universel ' (Paris, 4662) there are about 1,000 different French loats of arms, but I only find the Fitzwilliam