Page:Notes and Queries - Series 11 - Volume 5.djvu/266

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NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. v. MAR. IG, 1012.

afforded to the Fleetwood ancestry of the Kingsleys, the theory propounded being that she survived her husband and married Thomas Kingsley.

The name of Robert Fleetwood also appears in ' Lancashire Fines ' in conjunction with that of William Tyldesley in 1546 and 1551 (pp. 49, 93, 94). There can be no doubt that Robert was the Recorder's father ; do the transactions in question support the theory of illegitimacy ? More- over, the Recorder was at Oxford, and free of the Merchant Taylors' Company by patrimony, 21 June, 1557 ; a reference to the entries concerning him might settle the point.

Furthermore, in ' A Calendar to the Feet of Fines for London and Middlesex '* is the following entry :

Philip and Mary.

William Bromley, gentleman, and Robert Pletewoode, gentleman, and Agnes his wife. Premises in Perecrofte felde, and Cowley Peche, otherwise Coveley. Mich. Anno 3 and 4 [1556].

Anne and Agnes appear to have been used indifferently at one time. Is there not some evidence in this entry that Robert Fleetwood married Anne Tyldesley ? The periods coincide. R. W. B.

SASH WINDOWS (11 S. v. 88). Mr. G. Alfred Gotch, in ' The Growth of the English House ' (1909), pp. 205-14, says :

"With the end of the second decade of the seventeenth century there opens a new chapter in English Architecture. Hitherto it had been largely impersonal ; now it began to be personal, and its finest manifestations were henceforth to be linked with great names, with Inigo Jones, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, and others. The main cause of the change is to be found in the pursuit of the Italian ideal. . . .The two most distinctive characteristics of the new style were the absence of gables and the substitu- tion of sash windows for the old mullioned form. Both these changes had a sobering effect on the appearance of a house. In the absence of gables roofs had to be hipped, thus compelling a greater simplicity in their plan, and a much plainer sky- line. The sash window was more stubborn in treatment than the mullioned window. The latter could be either lengthened or widened by a row of lights, and yet be in harmony with its neighbours ; the sash window was not susceptible of such variation ; it had to be of the same width and height as others of the same range. For these reasons it lent itself ill to the forming of bay windows ; it was too wide and too high, and altogether too large a feature to be adapted to the purpose, and accordingly bay windows went out of fashion.' 7

Raynham Park, Norfolk (1630-36), is a link between the two styles ; Swakeleys,

By W. J. Hardy and W. Page, ii. 97.

Middlesex (c. 1630), is also transitional ? but Coleshill, Berks (1650), may be regarded as typical of the style adopted for large country houses down to the end of the seven- teenth century. A. R. BAYLBY.

The two following quotations from the- ' N.E.D.' supply the answer to the question when sash windows were first introduced :

" 1686, London Gazette, No. 2135/8; 'Any Person may be furnished with Glasses for Sash- windows. . . .at Mr. Dukes Shop.' "

" 1699, Lister ' Journ. Paris,' 191 : ' The House it self was but building ; but it is one of the finest in Paris .... He shewed us his great Sash Windows ~ r how easily they might be lifted up and down, and stood at any height ; which Contrivance he said he had out of England. .. .There being nothing of this Poise in Windows in France before.' "

TOM JONES.

The diary of Miss Celia Fiennes, in the later years of the seventeenth centviry, more- than once (I am told) refers to great house* she saw on her travels as having had their windows newly " sashed," in accord with the growing fashion. The diary was pub- lished some twenty years ago, under the- title of ' Through England on a Side- Saddle in the Reign of William and Mary.'

A. STAPLETON.

The following may be of interest : " Their new buildings [at the Hague] are of stone, and ston9 and brick. .. .large windows,, very good French glass, but they have not saihes . yet, being not so great apes of imitation as their neighbours the French and English." W. Mon- tague, ' The Delights of Holland,' 1696, p. 66.

In The Postman of 1701 is an advertise- ment of a " House with sash windows to- be let at Doctors Commons."

RHYS JENKINS.

If a very vague statement will be of any use to F. H. C., I remember reading years 1 ago, somewhere, that our sash windows (I think the French call them, appropriately enough, " guillotine " windows) were intro- duced into Europe by the early navigators- to China ; that it is, in fact, a Chinese method. When the weight as a counterpoise was introduced is another question. Sash windows with no weights are common enough in Scotland terrible pitfalls to those who think they are going to remain up, when opened ! D. O.

[J. W. S. also thanked for reply.]

WEATHER-BOARDED HOUSES (11 S. v. 48). Carlyle Avenue should be Carlisle Avenue, which is situated between Jewry Street and Northumberland Alley, in the City of London, T.- SHEPHERD.-