Page:Notes and Queries - Series 11 - Volume 4.djvu/419

 ii s. iv. NOV. is, MIL] NOTES AND QUERIES.

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(Who ever heard of a wood of rams ? Grimchil, the Yorkshire thane, still gives his name to the Grimshaws, and so on ; Ravenchil in Yorkshire to the Renshaws and to Renshaw Wood, &c. ; and in Lan- cashire and Cheshire the same corruption (viz., Henshaw from Hrofenchetel) is found. From all of which I think it follows that the exception proves the rule, viz., that ch as a suffix was eventually pronounced and written as sh in the instances I have given.

J. RAVENSHAW. Oxford and Cambridge Club.

CHARLES ELSTOB (US. iv. 210, 257, 317). Elizabeth Elstob may have been this under- graduate's aunt, but she was not his mother, as she died a spinster in 1756, cet. 73. Her brother, Charles Elstob, with whom she lived at Islington, may have been his father. I have no data at hand to confirm this. The name of Elstob still occurs in the ' London Directory ' ; perhaps a genealogy exists. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

PETER COURAYER ON ANGLICAN ORDERS (11 S. iv. 330). Father Pierre Francois Le Courayer's book, written in French, on the validity of Anglican orders, was pub- lished in 1723. In 1725 the Rev. Daniel Williams published an English translation, of which a second edition appeared in 1728. Both editions were full of errors of transla- tion, but no further English translation was published until 1844, when " the old translation of Mr. Williams, collated through- out with the original, and in consequence almost entirely rewritten " (to quote the title-page), was issued by John Henry Parker of Oxford. This is a most exhaustive work, with an elaborate introduction by the editor (whose name is not given) and voluminous notes. F. SYDNEY EDEN.

There is an edition of this book published by Parker of Oxford and Rivingtons of London, dated 1844. It is a singularly complete work, and contains a translation of the author's original ' Letter to the Translator,' dated from Paris, March, 1724, as well as some account of the editions which had been issued up to that time.

WM. NORMAN. [W. C. B. is also thanked for reply.]

WOOD ENGRAVING AND PROCESS BLOCK (11 S. iv. 289). Nowadays, wood engraving is practically confined to the illustration of catalogues and similar productions ; the original is very seldom used, as a com- paratively small number of impressions would ruin the block. Electros are now so

carefully moulded that I question whether the most expert could say positively which was employed. I know printers who claim to be able to distinguish between the two blocks when looking at a sheet, but the few correct "hits" I have come across seem to be more in the nature of lucky guesses than real identification. Good, hard stereos, at the commencement of the run, are quite as difficult to detect as the electro.

Process blocks are of two kinds : half-tone and line ; and here again electros especially by the lead-moulding process are quite as indistinguishable from the original. Half- tones are made direct from the article, drawings, or photographs (the last-named, in the majority of cases), and must be worked on a " surfaced " paper, which is called by various titles: art, enamelled, super-calendered, coated, &c. Paper with a distinct grain, giving the appearance of the original canvas, is now largely used for three- or four- colour reproductions of paint- ings. Line blocks are zincoed from drawings, and do not require paper with so high a finish as the half-tone. Many line blocks have a close resemblance to wood engrav- ings, familiar examples of this being Punch cartoons. CHARLES S. BTJRDON.

MILITARY EXECUTIONS (11 S. iv. 8, 57, 98, 157, 193, 237, 295, 354). The Times for 5 October had a long dispatch from Teheran headed ' Arshad - Ed - Dowleh's Death : a Dramatic Scene.' The first firing-party all missed, and were afterwards arrested.

Even more dramatic was " L' Execution du General Malet [1812]. Recit par E. Marco de Saint-Hilaire," pp. 894 T 9 in Archives de r Anthropologie Criminelle, &c., xxv. (1910). This is an exhibit to Dr. Lacassagne's 'Les Executions militaires des Condamnes a Mort,' pp. 881-93, and ' Deux Soldats condamnes a Mort en 1910,' pp. 900-2. These make a fair sample of the excellent articles on Military Crimes, Mental Diseases, &c., in this periodical, to the twenty-five years of which an index was issued early this year.

ROCKINGHAM. Boston, Mass.

FILEY BAY : MANORIAL CUSTOM (US. iv. 327). The net extended a bow-shot from the shore, and I intended that the extract should be accompanied by a reference to 10 S. i. 85, where the extent of a deer-leap is said to be a bow-shot ; see 11 S. iv. 138.

W. C. B.