Page:Notes and Queries - Series 11 - Volume 1.djvu/521

 n s. i. JUNE 25, 1910.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

513

self-denial and of exertion n is not one of Macaulay's self-contradictions : the his- torian is using the word "sauntering"- in its seventeenth -century sense of " idling.'*

D'Israeli professes to be transcribing Halifax, but is that really so ? Turning to Miss Foxcroft's ' Life and Letters of Sir George Savile,' ii. 349, 350, I find in Halifax's ' Character of King Charles II.' only this passage :

"The thing called ^sauntering for making him

walk so fast. So it was more properly taking sanctuary."

Two other passages, viz. :

" I am of opinion also that in his later times there was as much of laziness as of love in all those hours he passed among his mistresses." and

"A bewitching kind of pleasure called sauntring, and talking without any constraint, was the true Sultana Queen he delighted in.''

are quoted in foot-notes as coming from " Mulgrave, ii. 61,'* i.e., presumably from Mulgrave's (Sheffield's, Buckinghamshire's) ' Works ' (1723), which are quoted elsewhere by Miss Foxcroft (e.g., i. 194 n.).

L. R. M. STRACHAN. Heidelberg.

GULF STREAM : ITS EARLY HISTORY (US. i. 269). Dr. Benjamin Franklin published a chart of the Gulf Stream in 1768, princi- pally from the information of his relative, Capt. Folger. Franklin's researches were confirmed in 1781 by the experiments of Sir Charles Blagden, M.D., who ascertained that the Gulf Stream is from six to eleven degrees warmer than the water of the seas through which it runs. It was not, however, until the beginning of the nineteenth century that systematic and accurate observations began to be made. The course of the current of the Gulf Stream was first traced out by Baron Von Humboldt. For early accounts, see Franklin's ' Maritime Observations,' Blagden on ' The Heat of the Water in the Gulf Stream ' in Philosophical Transactions, and Humboldt's ' Atlas Geographique et Physique. 1 For more up-to-date informa- tion, consult Maury's ' Physical Geography of the Sea,' 1886. ' W. S. S.

"HOGLER" (11 S. i. 349, 397). "Hog- glers n or " Hoggners " was the denomination of certain parochial clubs or gilds, whose functions seem to have differed in different localities and at different periods, but who sometimes acted as ale-wardens, and whose wardens, like those of other gilds, paid in their profits to the head wardens of the

parish. I do not know if it has been decided whether the term was derived from hog f a yearling sheep or colt, "the A.-S. form of which," as DR. SKEAT has informed us (10 S. vii. 494), " was hocg, a strong mascu- line ? ' ; or whether, as I have suggested,* it came from hoga, a hill (which DR. SKEAT at the same reference states to be a Latinized form of the Norse haugr, a hill). In the former case the local gild might have ori- ginated in a company of hog-herds, in the latter they might have been hill-men of any description, i.e., herdsmen, miners, peat- diggers, or quarryers. I have met with the term '* hoggners " in churchwardens' accounts in parishes near Dartmoor. Cosdon Hill was known as Hoga de Cosdone in the times of the earlier extant Dartmoor Forest Perambulations. In Halliwell I find hoggan- bag (Cornwall), a miner's bag, wherein ho carries his provision, and Wright's ' E.D.D.' yields :

" Hog, a mound, a heap of earth in which potatoes- are stored to keep out the frost; Hoga, a hill- pasture (O.N. hagi, a pasture Icelanders dist.

between tun&nd enjar for hay-making, and hagarior

grazing): Hogalif. hoga-leave, liberty either to

cut peats, or to have animals grazing for a certain, payment in another Skattald."

As I have already pointed out, the word hog was sometimes used as equivalent to- young man-servant, or labourer. The term hoggeners may in some cases have become confounded with hockers or hockeners (Hock- tide revellers). Bishop Hobhouse's note defining hagglers as " the lowest order of labourer with spade or pick in tillage or minerals,'* being derived from so late a source as a speech by the sister of Hannah More, can hardly be accepted as evidence of its mediaeval significance.

ETHEL LEGA-WEEKES.

MILTON AND CHEADLE'S JOURNEY ACROSS- AMERICA IN 1863 (11 S. i. 429). Viscount Milton was the eldest son of the sixth Earl Fitzwilliam. He was born in 1839 ; married in 1867 the second daughter of Lord Charles Beauclerk, and predeceased his father dying in 1877. The full title of the book with which his name is associated is

"The North-west passage by land: being the narrative of an expedition irom the Atlantic to the Pacific, undertaken with the view of exploring a route across the continent to British Columbia through British territory, by one of the northern passes in the Rocky Mountains."

In addition to this he also wrote ' A History of the San Juan Water Boundary Question,.

xxxix. 17.
 * For a fuller discussion see 'Devon Trans. /