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NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii s. i. JAX. s, 1910.

AUTHORS or QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S. xii. 509).

For sudden joys, like griefs, confound at first. Fruitless inquiries for the source of this line were made at 3 S. ii. 166 and 4 S. viii. 426.

W. C. B.

BAKERS' SERVANTS, c. 1440 (10 S. xii. 427, 498). On the analogy of proweour= purveyor in Langland (Stratmann- Bradley),

sowreour may mean surveyor, cordant sense.

with no dis- H. P. L.

CANON FELLING (10 S. xii. 367). The Christian name of Canon Felling was John. In ' The Fruits of Endowment,' London, 1840, the following entry occurs : " Felling, John, D.D. Canon, Windsor [published]

Sermon 1709."

Before the Clergy (Exod. xx. 5).

I am unable to say who his parents were, except that possibly his father may have been the Rev. Edward Felling, D.D., Fre- bendary of Westminster, who between 1673 and 1696 published a considerable number of theological works. See Darling's ' Cyclopaedia Bibliographica,' vol. ii.

W. SCOTT.

DR. JAMES BRADLEY, ASTRONOMER ROYAL (10 S. xii. 489). There is a pedigree extant of the family of Bradley by Rouge Croix, but whether the original or a copy of it is in the College of Arms, or not, I do not know. J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The Growth of the English House : a Short History of its Architectural Development from 1100 to 1800. By J. Alfred Gotch. (Batsford.) IT is our pleasant duty every now and then to direct the attention of the public to a wholly admirable book : we feel sure that readers of ' N & Q.' will agree with us that Mr. Gotch' s latest publication is entitled to that distinction. In the space of 300 pages he deals with over 200 historical houses, illustrating his remarks by 214 photographs, drawings, or plans. He writes for the general public, making no demand on any knowledge of architecture, though pro- fessional students will find much in it to interest them. All sorts of buildings, from Norman keeps to mansions in St. James's Square, are described in turn, and the chain of development from first to last is kept steadily in view.

Considered as a dwelling-house, a Norman keep must have been singularly uncomfortable from every point of view cold, dark, and in-

description of Castle Hedingham the great fortress of the De Veres shows us the best side of one of the finest of its kind. To us it has but one merit, spacious rooms, and its defects are many : windows too small to make the rooms cheerful, yet quite large enough to make it cold in the absence of any glazing ; each side of the room an outside wall ; a fireplace with a short flue and small vents ; the sleeping-places (if any) mere bunks in recesses burrowed in the walls : cooking carried on either in the hall itself or at long distances from it. Peak Castle in Derbyshire must have been very much harder to live in. It had two rooms (perhaps four if an attic and a cellar floor were ever constructed and used), the lower lit by two small slits in the wall, the upper (measuring 22 ft. by 19 ft.) having in addi- tion two closets hollowed in the walls. There were no fireplaces, and there is no trace of hearths, though probably they existed. Yet this was a famous place in its time, and many of the peel towers on the Borders built three centuries later were little better.

All these towers were four-square, the round tower finding little favour in England (we except Windsor), as at the time of its vogue in France Englishmen were building fortified or moated manor houses. What is really curious and un- explained is the building of such a place as Tattershall Castle (half way between Lincoln and Boston) on the model of a Norman tower so late as the middle of the fifteenth century. We can understand the use of Warkworth Castle its ontemporary and admire the skill shown in planning it, so as to combine something of the omfort of a manor house with the security of a fortress ; but Tattershall seems built to no purpose it was not a dwelling-place for the man who built South Wingfield Manor House.

However it may be, the great single room of the Norman Castle suited the temperament of English builders, for it was the central point of domestic architecture till Stuart times. The first fortified manor houses consisted of a great hall, with a kitchen near the doorway for the service, and a solar at the other end as a retiring room for the lord. Every important building down to the days of Elizabeth repeated and enlarged on this plan the kitchen developing into the servants' wing, the solar into the family apart- ments. Lastly, the hall began to lose its import- ance : in some houses it becomes a gallery running the whole length of the front, in others it is a mere parloxir. Mr. Gotch has described many fine examples of the hall in its various stages. The finest of them, and the earliest, is Oakham Castle, in Rutland ; while Stokesay Castle in Shropshire is a later and very interesting form. No work on English homes could possibly omit Haddon Hall or Kenilworth Castle, but it will be seen that the author has gone to considerable pains to avoid hackneyed examples. His account of the kitchens at Stanton Harcourt and Glastonbury

is extremely good. Mr. Gotch is at

his best, we think, in the

chapters dealing with Elizabethan and Jacobean houses interiors and exteriors alike but especi- ally when treating of the decorative plaster and panelling ; and he is least happy when referring to " the influence of the Amateurs." The elevation of fig. 159 from Kent's ' Designs of

convenient : it had but one merit, that of being I Inigo Jones ' is almost a copy of one of Palladia's safe from a sudden surprise. Mr. Gotch's full I drawings with a few banal additions ; while