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NOTES AND QUERIES. [ii a i. MA*. 5,1910.

Other translations from Colton by Kennedy are included in ' Amndines Cami.' Some of these are reprinted, at times with alterations, in ' Between Whiles.' The 1 D.N.B.' has a life of Colton ; and it is rather surprising to find that when Meyer's ' Con- versations-Lexicon '- first appeared the article on Colton occupied over a column.

EDWARD BENSLY.

"NO REDEEMING VICE" (11 S. 1. 150).

This was said by Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton of the prelate in ' The Pilgrims of the Rhine,' and was supposed to allude to Henry Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich.

CONSTANCE RUSSELL. Swallowfield Park, Reading.

Byron says ('Don Juan,' i. 16) of Donna Inez :

She had not one [fault] the worst of all. He was alluding not obscurely to Lady Byron. W. A. H.

" FUNCTION/'- A CEREMONY (11 S.i. 86). - The word is not actually used in French in that sense, but it is of common use in Spanish both for religious and theatrical ceremonies. L. P.

Vincennes.

THE COLUMBINE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY (11 S. i. 87). The herbalists of the sixteenth century have two columbines, for both Lyte and Gerard give this name to Vervain as well as to Aquilegia ; but it is doubtless the latter that your corre- spondent means. This flower had a some- what sinister significance. Chapman ( ' All Fooles,' ii.) makes Gazetta say of it, " That thankles Flower fitts not my Garden and in Browne's ' Britannia's Pastorals/ ii. 3, it is said to be " ascrib'd to such as are forsaken.^ Steevens (quoted by Friend), commenting on ' Hamlet,' IV. v. 189, suggests that it was the emblem of cuck- oldom, and quotes in support, from ' Caltha Poet arum, 5

The blue cornuted Columbine,

Like to the crooked horns of Acheloy.

Canon Ellacombe (' Plant -Lore of Shake speare ? ) says the flower "occurs in the crest of the old Barons Grey of Vitten, as may be seen in the garter coat of William Grey of Vitten (Camden Society, 1847)."

C. C. B.

The emblematic significance of the colum bine will be found duly set forth in * Flowers and Flower-Lore,' by the Rev. Hilderi

Friend. So named from the fancied re- semblance .of its nectaries to the heads of pigeons in a round dish, these cornuted projections gave it a special meaning in regard to the bull's horns which the husband was supposed to wear on occasion of wifely infidelity. It also served as the insignia of a jilted or forsaken lover :

The columbine, by lonely wand'rer taken, Is there ascribed to such as are forsaken.

Argent, a chevron sable between three

columbines slipped proper, are the arms borne by Hall of Coventry (Burke' s ' General Armory ' ) ; and another of the name of Hall bears Argent, a chevron sable, fretty or, between two columbines proper (ibid.).

The flower also occurs in the crest of the old Barons Grey of Vitten. In the bill

presented by the painter in connexion with the funeral ceremonies of Lord Grey we read, says Mr. Friend :

" Item, his creste with the favron, or, sette on a lefte-hande glove, argent, out thereof issuy- inge caste over threade, a branch of Collobyns, blue, the stalk vert." In pink or purple hues arrayed, ofttimes indeed in

white, We see, within the woodland glade, the columbine

delight ; ome three feet high, with stem erect, the plant

unaided grows,

\.nd at the summit, now deflect, the strange- formed flower blows.

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL.

In Guillim's ' Display of Heraldrie,' 1611,

116, there occurs the following passage :

' ' He beareth Argent, a cheveron Sable betweene

Jiree Columbines slipped proper, by the name of

lall of Coventrie. The Columbine is pleasing to


 * he eie, as well in respect of the seemely (and not

vulgar) shape, as in regard of the Azurie Colour

thereof ; and is holden to be very medicinable

'or the dissolving of impostumations or swellings

in the throat."

WM. NORMAN.

Columbine flowers occur in the arms of Cadman. A. R. BAYLEY.

[MR. TOM JONES- and MB. 8. L. PETTY also thanked for replies.]

FOUR WINDS, A FAIRY STORY (11 S. i. 149). ' The Four Winds l may be found in ' Tales and Fairy Stories,* by Hans Christian Andersen, translated by Madame de Chate- lain, 1856, and published by G. Routledge & Co.

The belief that the four winds and their mother live in a cave is, however, a tradition found in several parts of Europe in France, for instance. Andersen adapted a popular idea to his own purposes. ' Little Klaus and