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NOTES AND QUERIES, uo s. vm. NOV. so, 1907.

" GROWN " HOTEL, ST. MARTIN'S COURT, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. Can any reader suggest where I can find information as to the land- lord in 1790 ? This tavern has just been pulled down. A. C. H.

' CHILDE HAROLD.' The 78th stanza of the fourth Canto of ' Childe Harold's Pilgrimage ' begins thus :

Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they ? Thy waters wash'd them power while they were

free,

And many a tyrant since.

Neither the sense nor the construction of the last two lines is clear to me. Will some kind reader of ' N. & Q.' help ?

(DR.) G. KRTTEGER. Berlin.

[The lines are in Canto IV. stanza clxxxii. of the Oxford ' Byron.']

SIR JAMES BTJRROUGH. We are interested in tracing the place of death of Sir James Burrough, Kt., who died 25 March, 1839, and was buried m the Temple. Sir James was a Bencher of the Inner Temple, and was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. For some years he resided at 15, Bedford Row. LEGES.

TAXES IN ENGLAND DURING THE

SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH

CENTURIES.

(10 S. viii. 283.)

A. B. is mistaken in supposing that the families of Richard Pymond, Christopher Field, and Robert Cookson died out in Wakefield between 1541 and 1564 ; their names do not appear in the Visitation of the latter year, as they were all dead, but their families did not die out with them.

1. Richard Pymond, " citizen and Mer- chant Taylor of London, and Merchant Vintner," died 26 June, 1546, and was buried at Wakefield (Walker, ' Cath. Ch. of Wakefield,' p. 211).

Robert Pymond gave an annual rent- charge of viis. " out of landes in Kirkgate " to the Wakefield Grammar School about 1600 (Peacock, ' History of Wakefield G.S. ' p. 46).

2. Christopher Field, mercer, died 30 Nov., 1557, and was buried at Wakefield (Walker, p. 211).

Roger Field gave iiuli. in money, about 1600, as an inhabitant of Westgate in Wake-

field, to the foundation of the Grammar School ; and also an annual rent-charge of ivs. out of a garden, croft, and stable near the Cliffield, and out of a messuage in Westgate (Peacock, pp. 41, 42, 46).

James Field appears at a Court of Sir John Savile held at Wakefield, 25 Oct., 1628, as a freeholder of a messuage " in Kirkegate ex. austr." (Taylor, ' Rectory Manor of Wakefield,' p. 71).

3. Robert Cookson, his wife Agnes, and their (?) nine children were commemorated in a window in Wakefield Parish Church before 1584 (?) (Walker, p. 90).

Leonard Cookson was the tenant of the close given by George Savile in 1594 for the erection of the Grammar School build- ings thereon (Peacock, p. 35).

This list could be considerably extended by any one who cares to consult local records. MATTHEW H. PEACOCK.

Wakefield Grammar School.

On the subject of early taxation, may I call your correspondent's notice to some discussion of the origin and incidence of " Tenths " and " Fifteenths," and of " Fifty Dole," in Devon Notes and Queries, July and October, 1904, and July, 1905, and to the article in Blackstone's ' Commentary ' (i. 275-7) ? From the latter I glean that " Tenths and Fifteenths " were temporary aids granted to the Crown by Parliament, and issuing out of personal property. The amount was originally variable, but in 8 Ed. III. when, by virtue of the King's commission, new taxations were made of every township, borough, and city in the kingdom, and recorded in the Exchequer the rate was fixed at the fifteenth part of the value of every such township, &c. ; and though, with the progress of time, the value of the cities altered, yet whenever in later years the Commons granted the Crown " a Fifteenth," " every parish in England immediately knew its own propor- tion, i.e., the same identical sum that was assessed by the same aid in 8 Ed. III." ; and thereupon raised it "by a rate among themselves."

From parish accounts it appears that churchwardens were the local collectors, as deputies of constables, and these of Sheriffs.

" Fifty dole," a term that I have been unable to find anywhere but in Devonshire, occurs in churchwardens' accounts of many parishes in that county, and would almost seem to have been interchangeable there with the term " Fifteenths."