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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. vra. AUG. 3, 1907.

with a Prince Boris, the first Christian ruler of Bulgaria (852-907), who was numbered among the saints, and whose name was afterwards adopted in Russia. Thanks to their martyrdom they were assassinated by their brother Sviatopolk the Russian princes Boris and Gleb soon became the national saints of Russia : 80 years after their death (i.e. in 1094) their saints' day was already the festive day of the Russian people. H. KBEBS.

" UMBRELLA " (10 S. vii. 267 ; viii. 16). The quotation from Beaumont and Fletcher is, I believe, later than 1615, the date usually assigned to the play being 1624. The quotation is duly given in my ' Ety- mological Dictionary ' ; but I also cite from Cotgrave : " Orribraire, an umbrello, or shadow " ; and I refer to Ombrelle in the same. If these articles are in the first edition of Cotgrave, this takes us back to 1611. Cotgrave, s.v. ' Ombrelle,' explains at length. So does Florio (1598), in ex- plaining the Ital. form ornbrella ; and I have already quoted what he says, both under that heading and under ' Umbella ' ; and I have noted that he does not use " umbrello" as an English form. The earliest quotation {next to Cotgrave) I have yet found is that given in Fairholt's ' Glossary of Costume in England.' He says that Robert Toft, in his will, [dated] 30 March, 1618, bequeaths " an umbrello of perfumed leather with a gould fryndge abowte yt which I broughte out of Italie." The word is certainly of Italian origin, with (formerly) a pseudo- Spanish termination in -o. See Fairholt's excellent article ; he gives several dates and references. WALTER W. SKEAT.

Umbrellas are mentioned prior to 1616, in ' Tom Cory ate 's Crudities,' published in 1611. He says:

"Here [at Cremona] I will mention although it may seem frivolous, yet will be a novelty that many do carry a thing which they call in the Italian tongue umbrdlaes. These are made of something answerable to the form of a little canopy, and hooped inside with divers little wooden hoops, that extend the umbrella in a pretty large compass. They are used especially by horsemen, who fasten the end of the handle to one of their thighs."

J. FOSTER PALMER. 8, Royal Avenue, S.W.

HAYMARKET, WESTMINSTER (10 S. vii. 270, 370, 516). Some slight confusion has evidently occurred in the replies on this subject. The hay market referred to in the query is unmistakably that then held in the Broadway, parish of St. Margaret's,

Westminster. The patent quoted by MR. HARLAND-OXLEY at the second reference is a very clear identification, and prevents any inaccurate recognition of the West- minster market (vide ' Report and Memorial respecting Improvement in Westminster,' 1808, and Wallis's ' Guide to London,' 1814) as the hay market that gave its name to the thoroughfare in the parish of St. James.

Timbs's 'Curiosities of London' (1855), p. 370, Mazzinghi's ' History and Present State of London,' &c. (1793), and White's ' Some Account of the Proposed Improve- ments of the Western Part of London ' (1815) provide useful information about the last-named hay market, which was removed in 1830 to Cumberland Square, then laid out for this purpose. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

39, Hillmarton Road, N.

May I be permitted to say that, so far as I can see, MESSRS. A. S. LEWIS, C. SHELLEY, and G. E. WEARE have gone very wide of the mark as set forth by MR. MAC- MICHAEL in his query at the first reference ? Perhaps this was, in a sense, to be expected, as the hay market, Westminster, has received so little notice at the hands of London topographers ; but it must be borne in mind that the thoroughfare now known as the Haymarket was in those days not strictly to be called in Westminster, as only the parishes of St. Margaret and St. John were the " City," all others being in the " Liberties " until the passing of the Act of Parliament in 1900. The information given by these gentlemen is of much interest, but hardly bears upon the question raised. The reply of the second gentleman at the last reference in no way touches the query. i All that he suggests may be correct, but it must be remembered that when Cumber- land Market was opened, the one in the i Haymarket was closed under the Act of 11 Geo. IV. cap. 14, and so loitering wag- goners would in all probability be closely looked after. The quotation from ' The Epicure's Almanack ' (London, 1815) is also of interest ; but here again we find that the " Westminster Market," the demo- lition of which was " to make room for the New Sessions House," had nothing to do with the sale of hay and such like produce. A correspondent of Westminster (an illus- trated monthly review) for September, 1897, writing over the signature of " Vere- cundus," tells us that the site acquired for the purpose was

"the Westminster Meat Market, which fell into disuse about the year 1775, and must not be con-