Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 7.djvu/35

 10 s. VIL JAN. 12, 1907.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

had to arrest a ship at Orwell, as mentioned in the order, dated 11 Feb., 1345, to " dearrest " the ship in question (ibidem, p. 549).

Another ship was arrested by the same sheriff in the port of Harwich, also in 1345 (ibidem, pp. 512 and 551).

Again, in 1339 there was a fracas about a foreign ship in the port of Orewell, between some men from Great Yarmouth and the men of Herewicz, and the bailiffs of both places received instructions in this matter, but not those of Orewell.

Both cases can be explained by the fact that Orwell Haven stretched right across to the Essex shore, although the town itself stood in Suffolk. Thus Silas Taylor quotes (p. 14) from " a deed with seals " of a grant of a messuage in Harwich " uno capite abut, [sic] super stratum ducentem usque ad portum Orwell," in 1 Edw. IV. (1461).

Mr. Marsden himself mentions the case of a ship arrested " on the water at Orwell, in the county of Essex, a place adjacent to Ipswich." No date is given, and I must therefore refrain from all comment.

As a matter of curiosity I may quote one or two data from the ' Hansisches Ur- kunden Buch,' edited by Karl Kunze (vol. vi., Leipzig, 1905, and vol. ix.) they are : "In villa Herwich super Norwell " (1427), " buten [outside] Norwelle in de Woes " (1432), and "Orwell Kaldewater " (1468). These occur in letters written by German merchants.

In the same collection we find " in portu de Goseford by Baldresea in Suffolk " (1323).

Another German, Johann Rover, dates his letter from " Herwycht in Norwelle " on St. John's Day, 1437 (' Hanserecesse,' vol. ii.). There are in the same volume several letters, some written " in dem schepe in der haven von Norwel " and others at " lebeswyk " (Ipswich) in 1436.

As regards the evidence derived from old maps and charts, Mr. Marsden is quite right that no map shows distinctly an Orwell town. One, said to be of the thirteenth century (Cotton MS. Julius D. vii.), has the following names between Colchester and " sestuarium Orford " : " Hippell " (? Har- wich or Ipswich), Anwelle (Orwell), Angulus Anglie, and " Coleford " (? Goseford). There are no rivers or indentations of the coast shown, and the names are all on the land. I cannot, however, agree with Mr. Marsden on the point that all maps of the sixteenth century are so rude and imperfect that they afford no assistance. There are some exceptions, as, e.g., Cotton MSS. Augustus I.

vol. i. 57 and 58, both undated, but un- questionably of the time of Henry VIII. ; and a third of the same series, dated 28 Eenry VIII. (1537), which shows some fortifications projected by Henry Lee, on& on the Essex and the other on the Suffolk side of the entrance from the " Mayne Sea." All three plans are drawn to a large scale, and agree upon the point that Orwell Haven was in Henry VTII.'s time the name of the short estuary formed by the confluence of the two rivers called the Stour and the Orwell to-day, the former river being called " the creek going to Mannetre " on one, and

the water to Mannetre " on the other chart, and the latter " the creek going to Ippswiche " on one, and " the water to Gipswiche " on the other chart.

The same estuary is again clearly marked as " Orwell hauen " on Christofer Saxton's map of 1575, and also on Blaew's map of the county of Essex of about 1636.

On the special chart in 'The Mariner's Mirrour,' by Luke Wagenaer, of Enkhuisen, however, the name of Orwell Haven occurs on the land, on the sea side of Landguard Point, and there is a small indentation of the coast. The author's ' Admonition to the Reader' is dated 1586, and the Preface of the English editor, Anthony Ashley, 1588.

On Capt. Grenville Collins's chart, on the other hand, the name of Orwell Haven, though still on the land, is transferred to the harbour side of the Point, and is placed against the mouth of a creek. The date of this chart is 1686, and it is included in the second part of the captain's " Coasting Pilot," which was published in 1693.

While on the subject of charts and maps, I may mention that on one Cotton MS. Landguard Point is named " Lunger Pointe," on another (No. 58) " Langer Point," and " The Poll Head " is shown as an island on the latter. On Saxton's map the name is " Langerston." I have read the statement that " maps of the date of 1700 showed Landguard Fort as detached from the main- land and considerably northward of its present site," but they, no doubt, showed the more ancient fort mentioned by Silas Taylor and Dale, and not the present structure. L. L. K.

(To be continued.)

11 SHALL TRELAWNY DIE ? "

IT is generally accepted that while " Hawker of Morwenstow " wrote the verses of this well-known Cornish song, the burden,