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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. v. JAN. 27, urn.

great reason to be dissatisfied with the re- sult. If doubt be admitted, the degrees of it must be various.

I have to apologize for my blunder in respect of Mandelslo's nationality. I must confess that I knew nothing whatever about him, and merely assumed him to be a Dutch- man from his use of the Dutch word. Having obtained what he said from Yule and Burnell, I verified in the translation, not in the original. C. B. MOUNT.

Since a Breton origin has been suggested for this, it may be worth pointing out that the Breton word spelt in the eighteenth century puncgz is in more modern ortho- graphy puns, and is merely a corruption of the French word puits (see Henry's ' Lexique tymologique de Breton Moderne,' 1900). I cannot find that it has any other than the original sense of a well for drawing water, and unless MR. NEVILL has proof that it was applied to a cup or bowl, his solution can hardly rank as more than ben trovato.

JAS. PLATT, Jun.

As a descendant of a family that have prided themselves as punch-makers for many generations, I may say that we have always understood that this word was derived from the Persian or Urdu word panj, five, from the five essential elements, viz, brandy (3), water (3), rum (1), sugar and lemon (to taste). EDWARD HERON-ALLEN.

AMATEUR DRAMATIC CLUBS (10 th S. iv. 388, 431, 493). In chap. xiii. of 'Sketches by Boz ' will be found much interesting matter concerning private theatres, which, as far as I can judge from reading of these past Thespian temples, is in no wise exaggerated. The Era, by the way, has published many articles during the last few years (including some of my own) dealing with the subject.

S. J. A. F.

SIR WILLIAM H. DE LANCEY (10 th S. iv. 409, 517). According to Lorenzo Sabine's Stephen De Lancey, Governor of Tobago, and Stephen was son of either General Oliver, who died in 1785, or his brother Peter. James, a third brother, was Lieutenant-Governor of New York, and died in 1760. No one has yet done justice to the persecuted, ruined, and slandered Loyalists, and many of their descendants are ignorant of their exact rela- tionship to others of the same name and family. M. N. G.
 * American Loyalists,' Sir William was son of

De Lancey's grandfather was General Oliver De Lancey, brother to James De Lancey, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province

of New York. See Appleton's * Cyclopaedia of American Biography,' vol. ii. p. 132. Peter De Lancey was a third brother, whose de- scendants are now living in the county of Annapolis, Nova Scotia.

The article on Sir W. De Lancey in the 'D.N.B.' was probably written prior to the publication of Appleton's ' Cyclopaedia.' The latter is the American counterpart of our Dictionary of National Biography,' the De Lancey articles being particularly good.

B. R. WARD, Major R.E.

Halifax, N.S,

I have drawn up a pedigree (mostly from American biographical notices) showing the relationship between Sir William's grand- father and James, the Lieutenant-Governor of New York. This pedigree differs from that appearing in Burke's ' Landed Gentry ' (1846, second ed., p. 1361), in which General Oliver De Lancey and Miss Franks are given as Sir William's grandparents. Having made no original research in the matter, I am unable to state which pedigree is correct.

LEO C.

[We have forwarded the pedigree to WATER-

LOOENSIS.j

CARAVANSERAI TO PUBLIC-HOUSE (10 th S. iv. 308, 413).-Cf. Fr. Michel et Ed. Fournier, their 'La Grande Boheme,' Paris, 1851 to 1854, 3 vols. (the last incomplete). Erasmus of .Rotterdam and other travellers on the Continent abuse the German hostelries. Cf. about these A. Schultz, ' Das hausliche Leben ' (Munich, 1903), pp. 98, 395, et seq. ; the same author's 'Deutsches Leben' (Prag, 1892), pp. 61, et seq. ; Rodlow, * Die Brennerstrasse/ p. 158; Zillner, 'Salzburgische Kulturge- schichte.'pp. 79, et seq. ; Bruder, ' Die Wirts- hauser d. Mittelalters ' (Munich, 1885) ; Lie- benau, 'Das Gasthof u. Wirtshauswesen der Schweiz' (Zurich, 1891); Wapf, 'Das Wirtshauswesen der Stadt Luzern ' (Ziirich, 1895). Every traveller has something to say on the subject. L. L. K.
 * Histoire des Hotelleries et Cabarets, 7 in

'REBECCA,' A NOVEL (10 th S. iii. 128, 176, 293, 435). I have to thank MR. HUBERT SMITH, MR. CECIL CLARKE, and your other correspondents, for the trouble they have taken in inquiries for the missing volume of this book, and for information about its author. M. A. Enander, of the Biblio- theque de la Sorbonne, where the first and second volumes may be read, states that he has seen a catalogue of Lackington, Allen & Co.'s, 1815, in which is given '''Rebecca; or, the Victim of Duplicity,' 3 vols., pub-