Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 4.djvu/445

 M-S. iv. NOV. *, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES. 367 father of William Goodwin, of Epwell, Oxon (obiit circa ann. 1638, aet. circa 75); John Good win, Minister of Rollwright; and Richard Goodwin, of Shenington. This is certainly an error. William Goodwin (baptized 3 Feb- ruary, 1564/5, buried 2 September, 1637) and his brothers John and Ilichard were sons of Thomas Goodwin, of Alkerton, Oxon, •who mentions them all in his will, dated 13 January, proved P.C.C. (2 Sainberbe) 27 January, 33 Eliz,, and leaves to his son William his " manor and lordship of Epwell." MIDDLE TEMPLAR. WE must request correspondents desiring in- formation on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. " PHOTOGRAPHY."—It is very remarkable that the origin of this well-known term should be involved in obscurity. Can any reader of '3$. & Q.' help us to bring it to light, and to discover its inventor or introducer ] We have not found help in any of the well- known histories of the art, the writers of which, though careful to tell who intro- duced the names heliotype, daguerreotype, calo- type, ckrysotype, and a host of other terms, appear to take "photography" itself for granted, as if coeval with human speech. The earliest instances of its use we have yet come upon occur in the paper read by Sir John Herschel before the Royal Society on 14 March, 1839, entitled,in the Proceedings, 1 Note on the Art of Photography; or, the Application of the Chemical Rays of Light to the Purpose of Pictorial Representation.' Unfortunately, this very important paper was not published in the Transactions, and was subsequently withdrawn, and all attempts to find the original MS. have failed. In the report of the paper in the Proceedings the author uses photography, photograph, photo- graphic, as freely as they are used to-day, witnout any comment upon them as words, so that the inference is that they were already in general use. _ But our research has as yet discovered no evidence of any previous em ploy- ment. The paper read six weeks before—on 31 January, 1839—by Mr. Fox Talbot, recog- nizes the art only under the name of " photo- genic drawing," and its proceeds as " photo- genic drawings" or "pictures"; and the names photography and photograph have not yet been found in French or in English in reference to the work of Niepce, Daguerre, or other early experimenters or inventors. From the date of Sir John Herschel's two papers in March, 1839, and March, 1840, instances of the words become common; they were used even by Fox Talbot in the speci- fication of his patent, No. 8842 of 1841, instead of his own chosen term "photogenic." But it is difficult to suppose that Herschel can have been the inventor, else we should have expected some note or comment to that effect in his paper, such as, for example, we there find on the names negative and positive, and other terms of the art which he did there introduce. It is possible that research in journals, newspapers, or ephemeral literature before 1839 would show photography and its derivatives already in more or less common use, and might perhaps enable us to track them to the inventor, or at least to their first known appearance in print. It would be a pity for the origin of " light-drawing " to be itself left in darkness, and " photography" to be added to the words of which the actual history is unknown. J. A. H. MURRAY. Oxford. " PlCKERIDGE " : " PUCKERIDGE." — Gilbert White in his 'Observations' in 'Nat. Hist, of Selborne,' 1789, says :— " The country people have a notion that the fern-owl or churn-owl, or eve-jarr, which they also call a puckeridge, is very injurious to weaning calves, by inflicting, as it strikes at them, the fatal distemper known to cow-leeches by the name of puckendge." In these two senses " puckeridge" is also entered in the ' English Dialect Dictionary. In several recent dictionaries one finds a very similar word, " pickeridge," explained as "a tumour on the back of cattle, the same as a wormil or warble," or as the ' New Sydenham Society's Lexicon' has it, "One of the varieties of warbles, a swelling occurring on the backs of cattle." These explanations of "puckeridge" and "picke- ridge " are not very like each other ; but the words are closely alike, and both "distempers" are said to afflict cattle, and to concern the cow-leech. Will any reader of ' N. <fe Q.' who knows inform me whether the words are the same, or whether there is any connexion between them? "Pickeridge" is not in the 'E.D.D.,' nor have I yet traced it back beyond the second half of the nineteenth century. More information is needed. J. A. H. MURRAY. Oxford. " PIECE-BROKER."—What •was this trade, of which frequent mention is made in the eighteenth century ? Thus, The London Gazette of 1697, No. 3,304, has, " One Gawen