Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 3.djvu/449

 io. s. in. MAY is, iocs.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

369

by me at the sale of books and prints of the late Kenyon W. Wilkie, of St. Lawrence.

E. HOVENDEN. Hockeredge, \Vestgate-on-Sea.

SIXTEENTH- CENTURY ECONOMIST. In MS. Eawlinson D. 400 is a leaf (numbered 191) from a discussion of depression of trade and the like. Among other things, the author says :

"The Cawse of decaye in alle our Trades and occupaciones Comethe throwghe want of good vent of our Countrie Commodities, and the overmuche brynging into the Land of forren Tryfling wares.

" The Cause of that ylle vent of our Countrye Commodyties : And overmuch bringing in of Forren tryfling wares : ys Abvse practized in owre Ex- chainge : And transportacion of our monyes and Treasuer into Forren Countries."

The author heads his second chapter thus :

" The second Chapter proveth howe that the

gold and Syluer in our Monyes, ar lower valued

heare in England then other Countries borderyng

vppon vs do valewe and esteame of the same."

I shall be very glad of any help in tracing other parts of this book, the name of the author, fcc. Q. V.

CHARLEMAGNE'S KOMAN ANCESTORS. Long ago I saw in a printed folio volume of the seventeenth century a pedigree tracing Charlemagne's descent from the time of Augustus Csesar through one of the great patrician houses of Rome. Of course it must be wholly, or in great part, spurious, but nevertheless I am anxious to examine it. I cannot call to mind the title of the book wherein it occurs. Can any one help me ?

ASTARTE.

SACK. The writer of a " turnover " on 'English Drinking' in The Globe of 27 April

says, "Mead still retained its popularity

in Elizabethan days, when it was mixed with hops and brandy, and called 'sack.'" What authority is there for this libel on Falstaff 's favourite drink ? G. L. APPERSON.

Wimbledon.

PRISONERS' CLOTHES AS PERQUISITES. In the year 1678 Robert Green, Henry Berry, and Lawrence Hill were convicted of the murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey. Sen- tence was postponed till the following day, when Mr. Recorder, in praying for judgment, acquainted the Lord Chief Justice that " im- mediately after their conviction, one of the officers, a tipstaffe, pretending it was his fee, took their cloaths off their backs." In reply to a question, the tipstaff made answer : " It hath been an ancient custom this forty years, some of us have known it, that the Marshall hath the upper garment of all the

prisoners tried at this Bar" a nice sort of perquisite ! The Clerk of the Crown Office, who had known the practice of the court for threescore years, denied the custom, and the clothes were restored. It is clear, however, that there was some such barbarous practice, as Mr. Justice Wyld terms it, for when the Lord Chief Justice asked the tipstaff, "Are they in your custody, pray 1 ?" Mr. Justice Dolben replied, " I think they always plead the custody of the Marshall." Perhaps some of your readers can throw a little light on the proceeding. One can hardly imagine a grosser disrespect to the Court than for the officials to send up the prisoners for sentence in a half- dressed state. HOLCOMBE INGLEBY. Sedgeford Hall.

SOUTHWOLD CHURCH: FIGURES AND

EMBLEMS, (10 th S. iii. 329.)

FROMthe fourteenth to the sixteenth century angels were often represented in sacred art as clothed in the ecclesiastical vestments in copes, chasubles, dalmatics, and tunicles and in England the stole was worn crossed on the breast by the priest at the altar (Fairholt, 1 Diet, of Terms in Art,' v. ' Angel ')- Angels are represented in the works of artists of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in albs and stoles, and the stole is always crossed over the breast (A. W. Pugin, ' Gloss, of Eccl. Ornament,' 1868). Bocquillot says that priests and bishops formerly both wore the stole hanging on each side, but that the Spanish bishops, by way of distinction, ordered the priests of their dioceses to cross the stole over their breast. It is said to sym- bolize the easy yoke of Christ ; and no doubt it received an additional symbolic significa- tion from the fact of Christ having borne the cross on His back, for worn in front it served to remind His followers among the priest- hood of His Sacred Passion. The Fourth Council of Braga (A r>. 675) orders that at the celebration of the Eucharist the priest should wear his stole (and only one) so that it should pass round the neck and over both shoulders, and form a cross on his breast (Can. IV. ; Labbe, vii. 581). This regulation is quoted by Innocent III. ('De Sacro Alteris Mys- terio,' lib. i. c. 54; 'Patrol.' ccxvii. 794). The penalty enacted for disobedience is excommunication. There is nothing unfair in assuming that it represents a long-settled