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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. in. MARCH is, iocs.

Flinter, an Irishman of good birth, who entered the British army in 1811 as an ensign in the 74th West India Regiment of Foot. After serving for some years and attaining the rank of lieutenant, he was placed on half-pay and took up his abode at Caracas, where he was during the civil war of 1815, an account of which he afterwards published. He travelled extensively in the European colonies of the West Indies, and married the daughter of Don Francisco Ararnburco, one of the wealthiest landed proprietors and shipowners in Caracas. He obtained a com- mission in the Spanish army, and, though on the British half-pay list till 1832, had for some years previously held the position of a staff officer in the Spanish service. On the outbreak of the Carlist war he declared for Isabella, and served under Mina and Valdez in the Basque Provinces. In 1836 he was taken prisoner, and immured in a filthy dungeon, from which he escaped, and reach- ing Madrid was placed in command of Toledo. From there he made a sortie, severely defeat- ing the Carlists, and placing nearly eighteen hundred of them hors de combat, without the loss of a single man killed or wounded. For this the Cortes tendered him a vote of thanks, and he was hailed as liberator of the province. Later, after a success which he was unable to follow up through lack of reinforcements, he was removed from his command and severely censured by the Spanish Government ; ancl in 1838 he died (really from the effects of disgust and chagrin) in Madrid. He was a Knight of the Royal Order of Isabella the Catholic.

Another Irishman who served under a foreign flag was Martin Waters Kirwan, lieutenant in the Glamorganshire Militia, and afterwards captain in the Foreign Legion during the Franco-Prussian war.

F. P. LEYBURNE YARKER. 36, Station Road, Cambridge.

The list of Englishmen who have occupied positions of importance under foreign govern- ments must be a long one. Li Egypt and its possessions on the Upper Nine alone I have noted a considerable number without taking into account the period sin ;e the reconquest of the Sudan from the Kha.ifa, for which the British Government assvnied joint respon- sibility. Sir Samuel Thite Baker undertook his second expeditio. to the Upper Nile (1869-73) on behalf or the Khedive, and, on his return, Col. (after'tvards General) C. G. Gordon Pasha, who had previously com- manded " the Ever - Victorious Army " in China, was appointed Governor of the Egyptian Equatorial Provinces (1874-6), and

afterwards Governor-General of the (Egyp- tian) Sudan (1877-80). In his service were several Englishmen Cols. Purdy, Colston, and Mason, Lieut. W. H. Chippendall, R.E., Lieut. Watson, and Major Campbell (1874); Capt. McKillop Pasha (1875) ; F. Sidney Ensor, C.E. (1875-7) ; Morice Bey and Capt. George Malcolm, R.N. (1877); Col. Prout (1878); and the unfortunate F. Lupton Bey (1879-83), who was Governor of the Bahr el Ghazal province at the time of the Mahdist outbreak. Then there was Col. Hicks Pasha, whose force was annihilated during the same rising (1883) ; and ex-Col. Valentine Baker, who atoned for a smirched reputation in England by his bravery in withstanding the same revolt. Capt. R. F. Burton twice visited Midian in search of gold mines for the Khedive (1877-8). To turn to the other side of Africa, Sir Henry M. Stanley and others served the King of the Belgians in the Congo Free State, and it might perhaps have been better for the ill-used natives had the King of the Belgians employed more Englishmen. Some of those mentioned above have pub- lished accounts of their travels and missions. FREDK. A. EDWARDS, F.R.G.S.

The name of Count Butler should be added to those already mentioned. Butler, Deve- reux, Gordon, and Leslie, all in foreign service, were concerned in the death of Wallenstein at Eger in 1634. Col. James Butler fought against Gustavus Adolphus in Poland. R. B.

Upton.

I may add the name of Frank Herbert Clemence, born in Chester 16 December, 1867, who is (or has been) Master of the Horse to the Ameer of Afghanistan.

T. CANN HUGHES, M.A., F.S.A.

Lancaster.

See also ' Scottish Soldiers of Fortune,' by James Grant. W. S.

HORSESHOES FOR LUCK (10 tb S. iii. 9, 90). The question is, apparently, what is comme il faut as to the giving of expression to this belief a belief which, for the greater part, seems to be merely a pleasantry of the play- fully credulous. MR. ELWORTHY has hit the (horseshoe-) nail on the head in advancing for the reason that the toe of the shoe generally appears uppermost, that it is "probably because it is so much easier affixed or hung up." But other corre- spondents, like ST. SWITHIN, are almost unanimous in declaring that it is the horns of the heel that should be placed uppermost. And there is good ground for believing this