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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. m. MARCH 4, 1905.

with that object (as MR. PENNY testifies that jaggery is used in Madras) when it is desired to ensure the permanence of a structure, and -expense is no object.

There is a tradition that a retired Nabob, who built a substantial mansion at Kendalin 1759, imported a small cargo of give to improve the mortar. He, at least, must have been well assured of the efficacy of the process ; and possibly might not have been convinced to the contrary, even if an investigation made in his day had led to results resembling those arrived at, as MR. NICHOLSON relates in his interesting reply, by the Madras Public Works Department in 1875. R. E. B.

Relative to the use of sugar in mortar in India and among the Romans, it may be of interest to note that this admixture has been tried in at least one instance in Scotland. About a dozen years ago, happening to be walking along the road near Aboyne Castle, Aberdeenshire, I was struck by the remark- ably substantial and handsome appearance of a stone wall that was then being built round the castle grounds. The castle was then the property of the late Sir William Brookes, of Glen Tana, father-in-law of the present Marquis of Huntly, who, as all who knew him are aware, devoted the later years of his life to improvement works on his Deeside proper- ties of the most thorough character. In conversation with the overseer of the works, I was informed, with reference to this wall, that by Sir William's strict orders the mortar was mixed with a certain proportion of sugar. The overseer was, naturally perhaps, a little sceptical as to the virtues of the compound, which was new to him ; but there is little doubt that Sir William was aware of the classical examples referred to in ' N. & Q.' It is very probable that Sir William followed the same course in his many other building schemes in connexion with Aboyne Castle and Glen Tana, and the views on this par- ticular point of the architects (Westminster, I think) who had charge of these works would be interesting. G. M. FRASER.

Public Library, Aberdeen.

How TO CATALOGUE SEVENTEENTH-CEN- TURY TRACTS (10 th S. ii. 388, 453). May I recommend to INEXPERT a book that con- tains some most practical hints plus a vast amount of "fine mixed reading" "Hints on Catalogue Titles and on Index Entries, with & Rough Vocabulary of Terms and Abbre- viations, chiefly from Catalogues, and some Passages from Journeying among Books. By Charles F. Blackburn. London, 1884"? See th S. ix. 459. Q. y.

COPE OF BRAMSHILL (10 th S. iii. 87). The baronetcy of Cope of Hanwell, co. Oxford, was created 29 June, 1611, in the person of Sir Anthony Cope, of Hanwell Castle, Oxon, Knt.

John Cope, the son and heir of Sir John Cope, fifth baronet of this creation, purchased the manor and estate of Bramshill in Eversley, Hants, in or about the year 1703 ; he suc- ceeded as sixth baronet 11 January, 1721, and dying 8 December, 1749, transmitted Brams- hill to his son, and through him to his successors in the baronetcy.

It was thus the Copes, Baronets of Han- well, who acquired Bramshill, and not the Copes of Bramshill who got the baronetcy.

F. DE H. L.

If MR. BROWNWELL will consult 'The Progresses of King James I.,' by John Nichols, 1828, vol. i. p. 528, &c., he will find the king had satisfactory reasons for creating Sir Anthony Cope a baronet. It states, "He had by many worthy acts acquired much reputa- tion and the esteem of all that knew him, &c. He kept an hospitable house in the old English way, and integrity and virtue shone in all he did," with other particulars.

The peerage will give the positions of trust he held, and the high place his family held in the country. JOHN RADCLIFFE.

QUEEN'S SURNAME (10 th S. ii. 529 ; iii. 114). I am afraid DR. J. FOSTER PALMER'S inter- esting reply at the last reference would have infuriated the late Prof. E. A. Freeman. The latter says, in his ' Growth of the English Constitution,' p. 230 :

" It is a small p^oint, but it is well to notice that the description of the king as Charles Stewart was perfectly accurate. Charles, the son of James, the son of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, really had a surname, though it might not be according to Court etiquette to call him by it. The helpless French imitators in 1793 summoned their king by the name of ' Louis Capet,' as if Charles had been summoned by the names of ' Unready,' ' Bastard,' ' Lackland,' ' Longshanks,' or any other nickname of an earlier king and forefather. I believe that many people fancy that Guelph or Welf is a surname of the present, or rather late, royal family." Plantagenet is also a nickname ; and Tudor equals ap Tudwr (son of Theodore), and is perhaps the nearest approach to a surname a fifteenth-century Welshman could arrive at. I have heard that if Queen Victoria had any surname at all it was Azon von Este ; but I cannot say what surname, if any, belongs to the house of Gliicksburg, of which the present Queen Consort is a member. The royal house of Stewart appears originally to have been a younger branch of the great Norman house of Fitz-Alan.

A. R. BAYLEY.