Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 3.djvu/143

 10* s. m. FEB. ii. 1903.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

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Madras Mail, in which it was published, he thinks, in 1873. I suppose that this receipt contained the exact quantities of the in- gredients, and might be recovered from The Madras Mail. He says that the polished " chuuam" walls for which Madras is famous are prepared with cement made with un- refined sugar.

The third letter, signed Nathaniel Steven- son, says :

"I have used about an ounce of brown sugar to half a pint of water in making plaster of Paris models. These models are certainly smoother and much harder, and therefore far less liable to damage, than others. I find this of special advantage in working vulcanite,' &c."

The fourth letter, signed Raj, says : "Sugar in its coarse state, called 'goor,' has been used in India from time immemorial, and its value as an ingredient in niortar is exceptionally great. Masonry cemented with this mortar I have known to defy every effort of pick and shovel, and to yield only to blasting when it has been found necessary to remove old puckah buildings."

According to J. H. Stocqueler's ' Oriental Interpreter,' 1848, r/oor means "unrefined sugar " ; jaggery, " sugar ; sugar in its un- refined state ; refuse molasses "; and chunani,

II ma J T? j^TT^rm T)TT^T- T*f\-rvrm

'lime.'

ROBERT PlERPOINT.

SPIRIT MANIFESTATIONS (io tu S. ii. 388). The best work on this subject is ' The Occult tSciences,' by Messrs. Smedley, Taylor, Thomp- son, and Rich (1855). Therein, under the chapter entitled 'Modern Spirit Manifesta- tions,' your querist will find all he desires. CHA.S. F. FORSHAW, LL.D.

Bradford.

( " GOD CALLED UP FROM DREAMS " (10 th

S. iii. 49). This 'Dream upon the Universe' is to be found in De Quincey's 'Analects from Richter,' and in a shortened form is given by R. A. Proctor in the last chapter of his book ' The Expanse of Heaven.'

A. H. ARKLE.

Is not the German poet Jean Paul Richter? 1 See Carlyle's ' Miscellaneous Essays,' iii. 55, where the dreams are set out fully. The passage to which J. M. refers is not in Proctor at least, I think not but is in that perhaps most eloquent of all works on popular astronomy, Mitchel's 'Orbs of Heaven,' Lecture ix. p. 195. Lucis.

" THE " AS PART OF TITLE (10 th S. ii. 524 ; iii. 38). In reply to MR. HARBEX, I may say that the view I expressed on this subject in my former note was limited to the typo- graphical aspects of the question. English grammar, or rather idiom, is not always founded on a logical basis. The title of a

book or newspaper is the name which is printed on the title-page of a book or the heading of a paper. If the article, definite or indefinite, forms a constituent of this title, I maintain that it is an integral portion of it, and when the title is expressed in full, the whole should be printed in the same type. Thus, in the case of ' The Virginians,' 'The School for Scandal,' 'A Tale of Two Cities,' or The Times, I hold that, according to the practice of ' X. &, Q.,' the article should be printed within inverted commas or in italics, as the case may be. But though an integral part of the title, the status of the article as a part of speech is not altered, and if the main portion of the title is qualified in any way, it may, in accordance with English usage, be eliminated. This, in my opinion, does not detract from the status of the article, as an integral part of the title. A leg is an integral part of the human body, but it may be lopped off, should circum- stances require it. I would therefore say to-day's Times, Thackeray's 'Virginians,' Sheridan's 'School for Scandal,' Dickens's ' Tale of Two Cities,' for the simple reason that I am talking English in accordance with the spirit of the language. In the Literary Gossip of The Athenaeum for the week in which MR. HARBEN'S inquiry appeared there is a paragraph in which the writer mentions " the extended Outlook" and two or three lines lower down " The Daily Telegraph? Here I hold the printer to be perfectly right, because, while the title of The Outlook is qualified by an adjective, that of the daily paper is not.

W. F. PRIDEAUX.

" TOURMALINE " : ITS ETYMOLOGY (10 th S. iii. 66). I am glad to find that MR. JAMES PLATT accepts the etymology given in my ' Concise Etymological Dictionary,' ed. 1901, at p. 564. I even give the reference to the volume and page of dough's book. The only difference is that I consulted the earlier edition of 1830. I deny that tourmaline is Cingalese ; it is mere French. The Cingalese word has no -ne. WALTER W. SKEAT.

VERSCHOYLE : FOLDEN (10 th S. iii. 69). The querist says Verschoyle is "obviously French." Surely this is a slip of the pen. He must mean " obviously Flemish." It belongs to the same class as the names Verbeeck, Ver- brugge, Verhoef, Vermeulen, Verplanck, Verschure, and others, having as prefix the syllable ver, contracted from van der, " of the." Sometimes the fuller form occurs, as Vauderbeeck, Vandermeulen. The French equivalent would be de la, as in Da la Planche.