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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io* s. n. DEC. 3, im.

Evelyn, over which MR. BLACK may also like to ponder :

Hie rex Richardus requiescit, sceptifer almus.

Rex fuit Anglorum, regnum tenet iste polorum.

Regnum demisit, pro Christo cuncta reliquit:!

Ergo Richardum nobis dedit Anglia sanctum.

Hie genitor sanctse Walburga? Virginia almae,

Et Willibaldi sancti simul et Vinebaldi,

(Suffragium quorum nobis det regna polorum.

In Bray's edition of Evelyn's ' Diary ' occurs the annotation " Who this Richard, King of England, was ; it is impossible to say ; the tomb still exists and has long been a crux to Antiquaries and Travellers." Was it New- man's * Lives ' that first removed it 1

There are many points of interest in this church of S. Frediano or St. Frigidianus. He himself, Bishop of Lucca, came from Ire- land in the sixth century, and is still remem- bered as a worker of wonders. During a flood he turned the course of the Serchio and marked out a new track for it with a narrow.

ST. SWITHIN.

Richard of Scotland has not found a place in the * D.N.B./ but there is a long account of him in the ' Acta Sanctorum ' under the date of 7 February. The details of his life are very vague, and it is by no means clear that he ever was a king. Certainly he was not a Scot ; the principal authority for this state- ment is Thomas Dempster, w'lio in his 'Eccle- siastical History of Scotland' says that Richard and his children, SS. Willibald, Wunibald, and Walburga, who are better known^than their father, were "natione Scotos." But these saints were natives of a southern English kingdom, either Kent, Sussex, or Wessex, and their mother was a sister of St. Boniface, and a relation of Ina, King of Wessex. St. Richard, following the example of Ina and other English kings, went on pilgrimage to Rome, but died on the way and was buried at Lucca about the year 725. Miracles were worked at the tomb of St. Richard, and some relics of him were brought to Canterbury in the reign of Henry VII., who was present to receive them, and claimed the saint as an ancestor. The writer of the article ' Walburga' in * D.N.B ' seems to doubt the existence of St. Richard

? e TJ* i f fy?S> to be distinguished from St. Richard of Chichester.

J. A. J. HOUSDEN. 18, Compton Road, Canonbury.

It will be a service to refer MR. BLACK to the Hodceporicon ' of St. Willibald, trans- lated in 1895 by the late Bishop (then Canon) .Brownlow, and published in the " Library " ot the Palestine Pilgrims' Text Society, vol. iii. -trom that interesting narrative it will

appear that the subject of the query was a king, not of Scotland, but of a locality un- known, and the father of the Anglo-Saxon pilgrims Willibald, Wunebald, and Walburga.

JEROME POLLARD-URQUHART, O.S.B. The Abbey, Fort- Augustus.

SPELLING REFORM (10 th S. ii. 305). I have not had the advantage of seeing the 'Rules for Compositors and Readers at the Uni- versity Press, Oxford,' but from the REV. J. B. McGovERN's references to it, I feel sure it must be an amusing and instructive book. As a "literary conservative," to borrow MR. McGovERN's phrase, I am averse from unnecessary change, and as regards words ending in -ise and -ize, I think the good old rule should be adhered to, namely, that words derived from the Greek should end in -ize, and all others, such as advertise, in -ise, although a well-known literary friend (perhaps a literary radical) does persist in writing advertizement, in defiance of Dr. Murray. Analyse, though of Greek origin, is of different construction, being derived from the verbal noun analysis, and not from an imaginary analyzein. But there is a phase of the question that MR. McGovERN has overlooked, which is not only of interest to ourselves, but may be still more interesting to those of our descendants whose vocation it may be to study Edwardian manners. This is the use of spelling as an ecclesiastical or political symbol. If one receives a letter from a clergyman asking for subscriptions to defray the expense of putting a new roof on his church of "S. Mary's," the mind's eye at once pictures an M.B. waistcoat, a strait-cut coat, and. an all-round collar. If, on the other hand, the money is to be devoted to " St. Mary's," we feel sure it will go to an ecclesiastic with a tall silk hat, a loosely tied white "choker," and a rather fly-away frock coat. MR. McGovERN draws attention to the compiler's injunctions against phonetic spellings, such as program, &c. This enables us at once to see what the compiler's political principles are. Many people would say, " If I write anagram, diagram, telegram, &c., why may I not write program?" The answer is, " You may do so if you are a Home Ruler, or a Little Englander. or a Passive Resister, but not otherwise. If you follow the gospel of the Daily News or the Daily Chronicle, you may write about your program as much as you like ; but if you prefer the tenets of the Morning Post or the Standard, you can have nothing but a programme" I was glad to observe the other day that the Spectator, with great ingenuity, had also invented & political