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NOTES AND QUERIES. cio* s. ii. JULY 30, 100*.

the identical one used by Sivaji was to be seen in a well-known shop in the city. M.

ENGLISH CARDINALS' HATS : THEIR DESTINY (10 th S. ii. 28). Some years ago, when attend- ing St. Mary's, Moorfields, for the purpose of hearing Cardinal Manning preach, I used to gaze with a certain amount of interest at the great red hat of Cardinal Wiseman. It was suspended from the ceiling on the left-hand side of the chancel. What became of this hat on the demolition of St. Mary's? Although doubtless affected by the ravages of time, it had not by any means become, I imagine, of the texture of dust.

JOHN T. PAGE.

West Haddon, Northamptonshire.

Cardinals' hats, suspended between heaven and earth, are common objects in French and Italian cathedrals. If I remember rightly, they are generally in the choir. I had a near view of one at Bourges which had been let down for some temporary need. Dr. Wood- ward says that, contrary to popular notions, the hat is never worn by a cardinal excepting on the occasion when it is first put on his head by the Pope :

"It is only placed upon his bier at his funeral, and is afterwards suspended to the vault of the chapel or church, above or near the place where his body is interred. These are the red hats so often seen dependent from the roof in Italian churches."
 * Ecclesiastical Heraldry,' pp. 136, 137.

ST. SWITHIN.

I recollect seeing Wiseman's hat hanging up in what was his cathedral church at Moorfields, and Manning's hat in what was his cathedral church in Kensington, when, twenty years ago, I frequently preached and said mass. Newman's hat would not neces- sarily be placed in a cathedral church, because Newman was not a bishop, and had no cathedral. GEORGE ANGUS.

St. Andrews, N.B.

Cardinal Wiseman's red hat used to hang at the east end of the north aisle of St. Mary's, Moorfields, where I often saw it, dusty and discoloured. The hat of Cardinal Manning hangs, I believe, in the church of Our Lady of Victories, Kensington, which was formerly the pro-cathedral of the diocese of West- minster. The Moorfields church was at one time the premier church of the London dis- trict. JOHN HOBSON MATTHEWS.

Monmouth.

When a cardinal dies in Rome, his remains, or some portions thereof, are usually buried in ^ his titular church, if he be a cardinal priest or cardinal deacon, and his hat is suspended above the tomb. Moroni (' Dizio

uario Ecclesiastico,' ix. 174) gives an example of the observance of this custom in the' fourteenth century, and another in the fifteenth. As Cardinal Newman was not a bishop, his hat was certainly not hung in a pro-cathedral. MR. BLACK'S informant pro- bably mentioned Wiseman, not Newman ; but Cardinal Wiseman's pro - cathedral, St. Mary's, Moorfields, has been pulled down. Cardinals Wiseman, Newman, Manning, and Vaughan were all buried in cemeteries, so that it was impossible to suspend their hats- above their tombs.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

FIRST OCEAN NEWSPAPER (10 th S. i. 504). The Atlantic Cunard liner Campania cer- tainly cannot claim the credit for producing the first ocean newspaper. Such publications are by no means new things. During a trip in the Arctic regions I enjoyed twelve years ago, on board the Wilson line steamship Albano (Capt. A. Williams commander), we had a capital and most entertaining little newspaper, edited and published on board at regular short intervals. A note occurring in its third appearance dated Tuesday, 19 July, 1892 may be worth recording. It reads :

" This issue of the Chronicle is printed just be- yond the North Cape, and is undoubtedly the only paper ever printed and published at this, the most northerly point of Europe. An additional novelty is also secured by the fact that it is the first maga- zine on record written entirely by a typewriter (Remington's), and duplicated by Edison's Mimeo- graph."

The Campania's newspaper is quoted as measuring 8 in. by 5 in. Those produced upon the Albano were 11 in. by Sin. They contained an average of eight pages each, filled by closely printed matter. Five issues occurred in the three weeks' tour, the final one being capitally illustrated.

HARRY HEMS.

Fair Park, Exeter.

COACHMAN'S EPITAPH (9 th S. xi. 189, 352). When in Edinburgh about the middle of last month, I saw in the Canongate Churchyard, near Burns's monument to the poet Fergus- son, a tombstone to the memory of a member of the " Society of Coach drivers, 1765." The stone has in relief a four-wheeled coach with four horses, and the driver has a long whip which intersects the date, between the figures 17 and 65. W. S.

WOLVERHAMPTON PULPIT (10 th S. i. 407, 476 ; ii. 37). DR. C. F. FORSHAW is unfortunate in quoting the * Beauties of England and Wales' (1823). As an architectural autho-