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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. XL MAY s, im

originals, no multiplication from print is of any use.

Erneis certainly seems a more reasonable root for Ernisius than does Herve for Her- visius, yet MR. MARTIN says he would expect Hervicius ; and we have Hervesius in the Durrinton charters

The particular Nevill was of the stock of Richard de Neuville, and that would accoxint for the name Ernisiiis, supposing that MR. ELLIS'S names are correct. On the other hand, there is my evidence that the name was Hervey, end the connexion with the other Breton name Alan.

of instances Northerners. In the same way Yang-tze- Kiang is the Southern pronunciation of

Yang-tze-Chiang. The former used to be the most usual pronunciation in European books, but of late geographical works at home have acquired a habit of using the system of romanization officially recognized by the Chinese Customs Service and by the British Consular Service in China.

The German possession Kiao-chou would be called in the North Chiao-chou, and in the South Kiao-chou. In none of these cases is there any new thing. The appearance of a g and a j, noticed by MR. PLATT, is, how-

I shall be thankful if some expert in old I ever, a question not of latitude, but of writing will clear the matter up, and I think aspirates and non-aspirates. The initials k

it is of sufficient interest ; but the reference must of course be to original early docu- ments, as later scribes may easily have hopelessly confused the two names.

Indeed, as is shown in the instance from Chichester sent by PREBENDARY DEEDES, this was the case. RALPH NEVILL, F.S.A.

Castle Hill, Guildford.

SHIPS' PERIODICALS (10 S. xi. 328). Ships' papers are not at all common in our Navy. I think I have only come across three or four all the time I have been doing work in connexion with the service. The Shillelah, run by the Hibernia during her last commission, and edited by the Rev. T. W. L. Caspersz, R.N., the chaplain, is the best I have seen.

The practice of having ships' papers is much more common in the U. S. Navy. The fact that our men have in The Fleet a paper run entirely in their interests may possibly account for their scarcity.

GERARD T. MEYNELL.

CHINESE PRONUNCIATION (10 S. xi. 86). Europeans, when romanizing Chinese names, geographical or other, as a rule reproduce the sounds of either Northern Mandarin, spoken at Peking, or of Southern Mandarin, spoken at Nanking. One pecu- liarity of the Peking dialect is that it has fewer initials than that of Nanking. To write an exhaustive treatise on the subject would occupy too much space, but I will illustrate what I mean by examples. The sounds ki, kiang, kiao, &c., of the Nanking dialect, as also tsi, tsiang, and tsiao of the same dialect, become chi, chiang, and chiao at Peking. Similarly hi, hiang, hiao, as well as si, siang, and siao, of Nanking both become hsi, hsiang, and hsiao at the Northern capital. Therefore the Kin-chou cited by MR. PLATT is always Kin-chou to the Southerners, and Chin-chou to the

and ch in Chinese names do not correspond sxactly to our English k in kail and ch in 'hip. In Chinese there is an aspirated and an unaspirated k. The aspirated Chinese k is harder than our letter, and the unas- pirated softer. The English k may be con- veniently used for the aspirated Chinese k r though it is not quite hard enough ; while our g may satisfactorily represent the Chinese unaspirated k, though it is a little too soft. The same is true of the letters ch f p, and t, which when unaspirated may be written j, b, and d. In the name Kiao-chou both initials being unaspirated, it is a con- venience to use for them g and /. " Shan- tung " may in like manner be pronounced " Shandoong " with fair approximation to accuracy.

There is naturally a temptation to see a connexion between " Ta-lien-wan " and " Dalny," but the two words have abso- lutely nothing to do with each other, and the resemblance is fortuitous. " Dalny ' r means, in Russian, far.

G. M. H. PLAYFAIR.

Foochow.

POTTER'S BAR : SEVEN KINGS (10 S. xi 89, 154, 234, 335). I must join issue with MR. BRESLAR as to there being anything " ambitious " in the title of Charlton Kings (? outside Cheltenham), and scores of other villages with that adjunct. Two such in the Hampshire ' Domesday,' Kingsclere and King's Sombourn, are shown to have been held by Edward the Confessor in dominio, in his own hands. The same may probably be quoted of many others. H. P. L.

Land called " Sevenkynges " by " Crake- boneslane " in Ilford is mentioned as far back as 1437. Reference to it will be found on p. 239 of the list of Foreign Accounts, preserved in the Public Record Office.

R. C. F.