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NOTES AND QUERIES. [io s. XL MA*. 20, im

COFFEE-DRINKING IN PALESTINE (10 S. xi. 90). According to Henri Welter's ' Essai sur 1'Histoire du Cafe ' (Paris, 1868), coffee- drinking was introduced from Ethiopia into the Yemen by Shehab-ed-din Dhabani, mufti of Aden, who travelled at the foot of the Abyssinian mountains. He died in 1470. But according to old John Ellis, ' An Historical Account of Coffee ' (London, 1774), Shehab was an author, and the name of the mufti of Aden who introduced coffee- drinking from Persia (not Abyssinia) was Gemaleddin or Djemal-ed-din, as it would be written now. According to Ellis, also, the coffee-drinking habit reached Constan- tinople " one hundred years later," in 1554. This is the date given in the ' Djihannuma,' according to J. Hammer (' Histoire de 1'Em- pire Ottoman,' i. 207), who refers to the ' Chrestomathie Arabe ' of Sylvestre de Sacy (ii. 224) for the history of the discovery of coffee. According to Hammer, it was Eboul Hassan Schazeli or Schaedeli " qui le premier decouvrit les vertus du cafe

Moka " ; and as he died in 1257, the mufti of Aden must look to his laurels. The first coffee-house keeper in Stambul in 1554 was Schems, an inhabitant of Haleb (Aleppo) says Hammer at another place (vi. 280) who opened his establishment three hundred years after the discovery of the Arab sheikh Schaldeli or his pupil Omar, during the latter's exile to Mount Ossak, near Sebid.

" Malgr6 la conquete de 1'Egypte et les nom- breuses caravanes qui vont en pelerinage a la Mecque, 1'usage du caf etait reste jusqu'alors [1554] restraint a 1'Arabie, a 1'Egypte et a la Syrie, et on ne le connaissait a Constantinople que par sa renommee et le rapport des pelerins."

L. L. K.

WILLIAM BULLOCK ON VIRGINIA (10 t S. xi 169). The author of a ' Virginia Impartially Examined ' was the ' son of Capt. Hugh Bullock of London and Virginia, and de- scended from a family of yeomen settled near Wigan, co. Lancaster (see will of Hugh Bullock, citizen and Haberdasher of London, proved P.C.C. 26 Oct., 1618). William Bullock is mentioned in a list of those living in Virginia dated 16 Feb., 1624. Returning to England, he married Elizabeth, daughter of William Lamply of London (see his father's will, proved 2 Nov., 1650), and had issue a son Robert (who on entering the Merchant Taylors' School, in 1654, was described as " the only son of William Bullock, gent., b. in Dunstan's-in-the-West, 1643 ") and a daughter Frances. From his will, probate of which was granted to his widow 10 May, J650, it would appear that he died either

in or on his way to Virginia. It states that " William Bullock of Essex, gent., being now bound to Virginia in the parts beyond the seas, and considering the. uncertainty of this life and the dangers and perrills that all such who travell into the deepe are incident unto, doe. ..."

His father, Capt. Hugh Bullock, in his will, dated 22 Oct., 1649, describes himself as " being three score and twelve yeares of age," and refers to his " estate in Virginia, which amounts to 100Z. per ann., which was left by me these tenn yeares past." He continues :

" Now as concerning my other worldly estate there is noe testator but must prove what he hath, therefore I doe ingeniously confesse and from a true and sincere heart that I have . . . . "

A. M. BURKE.

GRAY: Two REFERENCES (10 S. xi. 147). By " Benbeirdh " is perhaps meant Aneurin, the reputed author of the ' Godo- din.' " Benbeirdh " (which should be written Ben Beirdd) is a mutation of Pen Beirdd, and is an epithet meaning " Chief of Bards." The only two poets to whom it was applied were Aneurin and Taliesin (cf. Stephens, 'Lit. of the Kymry'). It was frequently applied to the latter, e.g. r in the passage quoted by Stephens, op. cit., p. 124 : " y tri Phrifardd ynys Prydain, nid amgen, Myrddin ap Morvryn, a Myrddin Emrys, a Thaliesin ben Beirdd "- " the three chief bards of the island of Britain, namely, Myrddin ap Morvryn, and Myrddin Emrys, and Taliesin, chief of bards." Gray, however, in the passage referred to, mentions " Taliessin, Benbeirdh, and Lomarkk." If r then, " Benbeirdd " is distinct from Taliesin, he must be Aneurin ; but perhaps Gray actually wrote " Taliessin ben beirdd," as

in the passage quoted above. " Lomarkk " is no doubt Llywarch Hen, as suggested by MR. SOUTHDOWN. H. I. B.

JEFFREY HUDSON THE DWARF (10 S. x. 390, 438, 518 ; xi. 194). MR. ROBERT PIER- POINT is good enough to quote from my book on ' London Signs and Inscriptions ' to the effect that the sculptured sign of the king's porter and dwarf (Jeffrey Hudson), put up after the Great Fire, " used to stand over the entrance to Bull Head Court, Newgate Street, but disappeared some time ago." I regret to say that I was wrong in this state- ment, and I had the annoyance of discover- ing my error too late to correct it, but before the book was actually published. The sign is now let into the balustrade or coping above the central first-floor window of a modern house, No. 78, Newgate Street. Being