Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 10.djvu/409

 10 s. x. OCT. 24, loos.] NOTES AND QUERIES.

337

The painstaking and generally accurate author of the ' Literary Landmarks o London,' Mr. Laurence Hutton, 1900, says that " The Star and Garter " " stood ai No. 44, Pall Mall, on the north side, an'c upon the site of which a modern public-house bearing the same name, has been built.' This, too, has, in its turn, disappeared, anc upon its site have been erected the new premises of the Royal Exchange Assurance Company, thus leaving " The Bell " at No. 21, Pall Mall, the only surviving tavern in the head-quarters of clubland.

" The Key and Garter " was at the other end of Pall Mall, " over against St. Alban's Street." Dr. Smellie, the eminent exponenl of the practice of midwifery, and author o1 a ' Treatise of Midwifery,' gave the course of lectures of which that work consists " at his House in the New Court, formerly ' The Key and Garter Tavern,' over against St, Alban's Street, Pall Mall " (Daily Advertiser. 13 May, 2 and 29 June, 1742).

J. HOLDEN MACMlCHAEL. 10, Royal Crescent, Holland Park Avenue.

" PEARL " (10 S. v. 409, 493 ; vi. 118, 137 ;

x. 177, 236). I am glad to be able to assure MB. BRESLAR that what the King James Bible gives as "of coral or of pearls ' (Job xxviii. 18) is rendered " of coral or of crystal " in the American R.V. The ordinary meaning of " crystal " some variety of quartz seems to be here intended ; but it is just possible that an opaque body bounded by plane side or facets, which is the minera- logical definition of " crystal," may be referred to by the American translators.

In calling the word " beat " O.E. I did not mean to imply Anglo-Saxon, and expressly avoided the adjective Middle English. At 10 S. ix. 94, when explaining the derivation of " bidaxe," I was, H. P. L. will find, more exact in my statement : " an old English word in use in Staffordshire, Oxfordshire, and Dorset," connected with A.-S. betan my information being obtained from the ' E.D.D.' and from Skeat's ' Ety- mological Dictionary.' In the latter work I find, s.v. ' Peat,' " The true form is beat, as in Devonshire." The ' N.E.D.,' however, seems to get into a quandary over the history of beat (see sb. 3 ), citing different forms, beate bait, baite, from the sixteenth century.

I would add that my remarks at the penultimate reference were dispatched from here last Christmas, so that I had not then seen PROF. SKEAT'S note on ' Polony ' at 10 S. viii. 506. N. W. HILL.

New York.

THE DOUBLE-HEADED EAGLE (10 S. ix. 350 ; x. 153, 198). Mr. Baring-Gould is wrong in stating that " you will see it on the coins of both the Emperor of Germany and the Emperor of Austria^ at the present day." The eagle of the German Empire, like the red eagle of Tirol, has but one head. The Russian eagle is double-headed.

JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT.

SALFORD : SALTERSFORD : SALTERSGATE (10 S. x. 222, 256, 274, 297). ' An Archaeo- logical Description of Saltwood Castle,' by Frederick Beeston, F.R.I.B.A., says of Salt- wood Castle, near Hythe :

" Leland tells us that Saltwood derived its name from a wood so called, which anciently covered that part of the coast near which it stands. That pains- taking antiquary is followed in this view by the compiler of 'Magna Britannia et Hibernia,' who says, ' It is probable Saltwood (in Latin de bosco Salso) was so called because the sea in old time came up so near it as to flow some part of it then a wood,' quaintly adding, 'Though now the sea affords it nothing but a large prospect.' Both these authorities appear to have overlooked the fact that the parish or Saltwood contained salterns within its boundaries. We meet frequently with reference to salterns in ancient charters, also with grants of fuel for the cooking (i.e. preparation) of salt, and herein no doubt we have the derivation of the compound word Saltwood."

Furley's ' History of the Weald of Kent/ vol. i. p. 165, says :

" Saltworks were numerous, particularly in those districts lying along the coast and near to the forest. Wood, we have seen, was granted for the boiling of the salt. The works on the coast were ponds and pans for procuring marine salt by evaporation, while those in more inland parts were what are called refineries of brine or salt springs. Thus, in addition to the cases already noticed, we find that in A.D. 732Ethelbert of Kent gave Abbot Dun a quarter of a ploughlarid at Lympne, where there were saltworks, that is, evaporating pans ; and added to it a grant of 100 loads of wood per annum necessary to the operation."

R. J. FYNMORE.

Sandgate.

Thoroton's 'Antiquities of Notts,' 1677, p. 296, has this passage :

"Col. John Hutchirison, son and heir of Sir Thomas Hutchinson, had that which he called the Manor of Salterford in the forest."

This Sherwood Forest Salterford is noted as a manor in Domesday Book. Mr. W. Stevenson, a high authority on our early county history, has recorded his opinion that his manor " drew its name from the great north road from Nottingham being a Salt- way, or Salter's Gate." In support of such derivation Mr. Stevenson quotes a charter granted by Earl John to the De Caux family