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NOTES AND QUERIES. [10< S. I. MARCH 26, 190*.

note I have had great pleasure in reading again. KALPH THOMAS.

[The heading of a reply is necessarily the same as that of the article referred to, and does not indi- cate any preference on the part of the second con- tributor.]

MARLBOROTJGH AND SHAKESPEARE (10 th S. i. 127, 177). In Macaulay's 'History of England ' it is said that the education of Marlborough had been so much neglected that he could not spell the most common words in his own language. Macaulay must have believed the anecdote " which only dulness takes literally." We see from Pepys that in the youth of Marlborough the historical and other plays of Shakspeare were sometimes acted, and we can learn from him that they were not so much esteemed as those of Jonson, or so frequently acted as those of Fletcher. When Marl- borough himself became great, the greatness of Shakspeare was beginning to be generally recognized ; but when Marlborough was young few people thought Shakspeare to be more than an ordinary playwright.

E. YARDLEY.

ADMIRAL BYNG (10 th S. i. 189). Probably the selection by Admiral Byng of the title of Torrington was prompted by the circum- stance of the town having already provided General Monk, who was so created by Charles II. at the Restoration, with the title of Earl of Torrington; and it was perhaps thought desirable to revive an extinct title rather than to seek an entirely new one a choice which seems to indicate that Byng was an admirer of Monk.

J. HOLDEN MAcMlCHAEL.

IMMORTALITY OF ANIMALS (10 th S. i. 169). Luther's belief in the possibility of a future state for animals is affirmed in 'N. & Q.,' 8 th S. ii. 233, where also other authorities are quoted. It may be interesting to add to the bibliography of the subject a book in my collection entitled "Essays tending to prove Animal Restoration. By Samuel Thompson, Wesleyan Minister. Newcastle : Edward Walker, Pilgrim Street. 1830" (12mo, 235pp.). The preface is dated "Alston, 2nd November, 1829." Mr. Thompson was one of two itinerant ministers stationed at Alston, in Cumberland (the highest market town in England), during the years 1828 and 1829.

RICHARD WELFORD.

" SoRPENi " : " HAGGOVELE " (10 th S. i. 208). Sorpeniis explained in 'The Chronicle of Jocelin de Brakelond,' ch. xiii. ; see the edition by Sir Ernest Clarke, p. 151. His note says " payment for a cow " ; but it is.

easy to assign the origin, if the whole context be considered. His translation is as follows :

1 There being given to them [i.e., to the burgesses by our abbot] another quittance from a certain customary payment, which is called f-orpeni, in consideration of four shillings, payable at the same term. For the cellarer [of the abbey] was accus- tomed to receive one penny by the year for every coiv belonging to the men of the town for their duny and pasture," &c. See the whole passage.

Sor obviously represents the prov. E. saiir, manure ('E.D.D.'), from the Icel. saurr, excrements. And peni is penny i.e., money. So that the riddle is not difficult ; it means "payment for manure."

Haggovele I can only guess at. I take it to be a Southern spelling of a word due to- Icel. hag-fella, a field, from hagi, a hedged field, enclosure, pasture. Hence it might mean payment in respect of such a field.

WALTER W. SKEAT.

Is it possible that haggovele is hedge-money haga, Saxon, a hedge, and veal ? Veal or veal-money was a yearly rent paid by one of the tithings within the manor of Bradford* in Wiltshire, to their lord the Marquess of Winchester, which was in lieu of veal paid formerly in kind. It might be a local variant of hay-tote or hedge-bote, which was a mulct or recompense for hedge-breaking, or rather a right to take wood necessary for making hedges, either by tenant for life or for years, though not expressed in the grant or lease. Hagyng is in Scotland an enclosure, a hedging : "Als gud hagyng throucht the cloiss and langous the hous syd " (see Jamie- son's 'Diet.'). A haggard is not only an untrained hawk, but also a yard enclosed by a hag or hedge, and a hagman is one who gains his sustenance by cutting and selling wood (in the North of Scotland).

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

PANNELL (9 th S. xii. 248, 475 ; 10 th S. i. 172). My great-grandfather was Dr. Pannell, of Collumpton, and his only child was the wife of my grandfather Davy. There was a bell- foundry at Collumpton carried on by William and Charles Pannell at the time mentioned by MR. CANN HUGHES, but they were not connexions of ours. They succeeded Thomas Beilbie, who cast so many of the West of, England bells. The last bell cast by the* Pannells was in 1851. It weighs about 500 lb., and is now in the possession of a friend of mine at Collumpton, who also owns a cistern head stamped " T. Beilbie, 1807." This foundry was destroyed some years ago. I knew Mr. Charles Pannell, who formerly lived in Torquay. He went from here to