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 which are in force at the time of the accident are the ones only which are operative.

It was approximately six years from the date of Exhibit A until the accident. The above by-law may have been entirely changed or eliminated, or another of entirely different meaning and phraseology enacted since that time, which in that event would be the one in effect at the time of the accident. In that case the above by-law would be of no force nor effect. So that it would appear that it was incumbent on the defendant, not only to plead the above by-law in full, but, as well, to adduce competent evidence to show that it was in full force and effect at the time of the accident. There was no foundation laid for any such proof, and no competent evidence of the actual, complete by-laws, if any, in force at the time of the accident.

The general rule is that, if the defendant desired to assert nonliability on the policy by reason of the protection afforded it by certain by-laws or provisos or conditions which are claimed to be a part of the policy, or referred to and claimed to be made a part of it, they should be fully pleaded and established by competent evidence.

A pleading of the synopsis is not sufficient, nor are the conclusions of the pleader, as drawn from and based on the by-law, proviso, etc. It would appear that the admission in evidence of the synopsis of the by-law above mentioned was not evidence of a by-law in force at the time of the accident.

Furthermore, if the by-law were properly pleaded and proved, it still would not be effective to avoid liability on the policy, as it is contrary to the specific provisions of § 6638, C. L. 1913, which, so far as material here, is as follows:

“No policy of insurance against loss or damage by the sickness, bodily injury or death by accident of the assured shall be issued or delivered in this state if it contain any of the following provisions.”

Subdivision 2: “A provision referring to the constitution, by-laws or rules of the company or association or attempting to make the same a part of the policy.”

The other subdivisions of the section need not be here considered.

It is clear from the above section that the by-law could not become a part of the policy. Such a provision, if inserted in it or attached to it, is absolutely void and of no effect. Evidence of it should not have been received, and it could not be pleaded nor in any manner used as a de-