Page:North Dakota Reports (vol. 3).pdf/295

 objection that no sufficient petition was ever presented and filed, even assuming that the record sustained the claim this requirement of the statute was not complied with. It does not follow, because the organization was illegal for want of power in the county superintendent, that at all times, in every species of litigation, and by any person, the existence of the de facto district can be assailed. It is no more essential to the exercise by the county superintendent of this power that a petition should be filed than that it should be signed by a majority of the citizens residing in the district. It is the fact, and not the decision of the superintendent that the fact exists, which gives him jurisdiction. A petition is filed lacking the signature of one citizen to make it a petition signed by majority of the citizens; in all other respects the organization is regular; bonds are issued, a school house built, and school taught. Is all this to be ignored, to be treated as illegal, because there was no de jure district? Who are the real parties interested in defeating such a debt? The taxpayers within the district. In what position are those to object who participated in the organization? They have attempted to form a district. They for a time believed that they had formed it. They elect officers; borrow money on bonds for district purposes; build a shool house therewith; and use the money for other purposes connected with the functions of the district. On what principle can the existence of the district be denied by them for their benefit? If any within the district refrained from affirmative action, still they are chargeable with passive acquiescen¢ when they might have acted, and acted effectually, against the de facto existence of the district, and thus have prevented an imposition upon the innocent who were justified in taking that to be a legal district which was acting as such, and to all appearances was warranted in acting as such. Those who were silent, when in conscience they should have spoken, have no claim upon the equity of this court. They did not protest; they did not appeal; they did not resort to certiorari; they made no effort to have the district attorney overthrow this de facto district by quo warranto;