Page:Newton's Principia (1846).djvu/126

 SP in x. Now, because of the similar triangles Pxv, SPM, and of the equal sides SP, SM of the one, the sides Px or QR and Pv of the other will be also equal. But (by the conic sections) the square of the ordinate Qv is equal to the rectangle under the latus rectum and the segment Pv of the diameter; that is (by Lem. XIII.), to the rectangle 4PS $$\scriptstyle \times$$ Pv, or 4PS $$\scriptstyle \times$$ QR; and the points P and Q coinciding, the ratio of Qv to Qx (by Cor. 2, Lem. VII.,) becomes a ratio of equality. And therefore Qx², in this case, becomes equal to the rectangle 4PS $$\scriptstyle \times$$ QR. But (because of the similar triangles QxT, SPN), Qx² is to QT² as PS² to SN², that is (by Cor. 1, Lem. XIV.), as PS to SA; that is, as 4PS $$\scriptstyle \times$$ QR to 4SA $$\scriptstyle \times$$ QR, and therefore (by Prop. IX. Lib. V., Elem.) QT² and 4SA $$\scriptstyle \times$$ QR are equal. Multiply these equals by $$\scriptstyle \frac{SP^{2}}{QR}$$, and $$\scriptstyle \frac{SP^{2}\times QT^{2}}{QR}$$ will become equal to SP² $$\scriptstyle \times$$ 4SA: and therefore (by Cor. 1 and 5, Prop. VI.), the centripetal force is reciprocally as SP² $$\scriptstyle \times$$ 4SA; that is, because 4SA is given; reciprocally in the duplicate ratio of the distance SP. Q.E.I.

. 1. From the three last Propositions it follows, that if any body P goes from the place P with any velocity in the direction of any right line PR, and at the same time is urged by the action of a centripetal force that is reciprocally proportional to the square of the distance of the places from the centre, the body will move in one of the conic sections, having its focus in the centre of force; and the contrary. For the focus, the point of contact, and the position of the tangent, being given, a conic section may be described, which at that point shall have a given curvature. But the curvature is given from the centripetal force and velocity of the body being given; and two orbits, mutually touching one the other, cannot be described by the same centripetal force and the same velocity.

. 2. If the velocity with which the body goes from its place P is such, that in any infinitely small moment of time the lineola PR may be thereby described; and the centripetal force such as in the same time to move the same body through the space QR; the body will move in one of the conic sections, whose principal latus rectum is the quantity $$\scriptstyle \frac{QT^{2}}{QR}$$ in its ultimate state, when the lineolae PR, QR are diminished in infinitum. In these Corollaries I consider the circle as an ellipsis; and I except the case where the body descends to the centre in a right line.


 * If several bodies revolve about one common centre, and the centripetal force is reciprocally in the duplicate ratio of the distance of places from the centre; I say, that the principal latera recta of their orbits are in the duplicate ratio of the areas, which the bodies by radii drawn to the centre describe in the same time.